ANALYSIS OF SELF COMPACTING CONCRETE BY

PARTIAL REPLACEMENT OF CEMENT WITH INDUSTRIAL

WASTE UNDER VARIABLE TEMPERATURE

SATYENDRA NARAIN SINGH

(Enrollment No. : Ph.D./20/CE/2560)
(Civil Engineering)
  Under the Supervision of
Dr. M. Z. KHAN
Professor
Civil Engineering Department
Institute of Engineering and Technology
Lucknow

Dr. APJ ABDUL KALAM TECHNICAL UNIVERSITY, LUCKNOW

August, 2022

1
 GENERAL INFORMATION

1. Name of the Candidate SATYENDRA NARAIN SINGH

2. Scholarship AICTE Doctoral Fellowship (ADF)

3. Place of Research work Institute of Engineering & Technology, Lucknow

4. Enrollment Number Ph.D./20/CE/2560

5. Branch Civil Engineering

Analysis of Self Compacting Concrete by partial Replacement of
6. Title of the PhD Work
Cement with Industrial Waste under Variable Temperature
7. Month and Year of Admission January, 2021

8. Name of the Supervisor Dr. M.Z. Khan

Position and Affiliation of
9. Professor, Institute of Engineering & Technology, Lucknow
Supervisor
 PROGRESS INFORMATION
1. Course Work Status:
All the recommended and existing coursework is completed. The details are as follows:
Last RDC comments
TABLE OF CONTENTS

1) INTRODUCTION
2) LITERATURE REVIEW
3) OBJECTIVE
4) IDENTIFICATION OF RESEARCH PROBLEM
5) EXPECTED IMPACT ON INDUSTRY
6) MAJOR INPUTS REQUIRED
7) RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
8) REFERENCES
9)PERT CHART
INTRODUCTION: SELF
COMPACTING CONCRETE
 Self-Compacting Concrete (SCC) was first developed in
Japan in the late 1980‘s as a concrete that can flow through
congested reinforcing bars with elimination of compaction,
and without undergoing any significant segregation and
bleeding.
 Adoption of SCC offers substantial benefits in enhancing
construction productivity, reducing overall cost, and
improving work environment.
 The Self Compacting Concrete is one; whose ingredients
are proportioned in such a manner that it can be placed and
compacted into any shape of the formwork, purely by
means of its self weight by eliminating any type of external
compacting effort.
CONTINUE:
 One ton cement production results in approximately one
ton of carbon-dioxide into environment. Partial
replacement of Portland cement by Supplementary
Cementious Materials and replacement of
construction/industrial waste could play a key role in the
eco-efficient construction.
CEMENTIOUS MATERIAL USED:

1) Ground Granulated Blast Furnace Slag (GGBFS)

2) Silica Fume (SF)

GROUND GRANULATED BLAST FURNACE SLAG (GGBFS):

1) Ground Granulated Blast-Furnace Slag is a non-metallic
powder consisting of silicates and aluminates of calcium and
other bases. The molten slag is rapidly chilled by quenching in
water to form glassy sand like material.
2) It increases the abilities to prevent water penetration, chloride
penetration and it can improve the durability of concrete
structures.
Silica fume

 Silica Fumes also referred to as micro silica or

condensed silica fume, is another material that is used
as pozzolonic admixture.It is a product obtained from
reduction of high purity quartz with coal in an electric
furnace in the manufacture of silicon or ferrosilicon
alloy.
 The advantage of utilization of Silica fume in concrete
gives special characteristics to concrete such as the
reduced permeability property, improved corrosion
protection for steel bars, increased resistance against
the sulphate and chemicals attacks, improved and
efficient mechanical strengths and performances and
elevated levels of split tensile and flexural strengths.
ARITIFICIAL NEURAL NETWORKS(ANN)
An artificial neuron network (neural network) is a computational
model that mimics the way nerve cells work in the human brain.
Artificial neural networks (ANNs) use learning algorithms that can
independently make adjustments - or learn, in a sense - as they receive
new input. This makes them a very effective tool for non-linear
statistical data modeling
An artificial neural network has three or more layers that are
interconnected. The first layer consists of input neurons. Those
neurons send data on to the deeper layers, which in turn will send the
final output data to the last output layer.
 CaO (% ) SiO2 (% ) Al2O3 (% ) Fe2O3 (% MgO (%
) )
GGBS 33.0 34.0 14.0 4.0 7.0
Silica fume 0.2 93.2 0.4 0.3 ---
Carbon emission due to cement and
concrete production
MATERIAL USED:

Materials used.

Type Characteristics
Cement Ordinary Portland Specific gravity = 3.1,
Cement 53 Grade Fineness= 4.5%
Normal consistency=33%
GGBS Mineral additives Bulk density=1250 kg/m3
Specific surface area=4189 cm2 /g
Silica fume Mineral additives Bulk density=1250 kg/m3
Specific surface area= >16000m2 /kg
Fine aggregate River sand Specific gravity = 2.4 to 2.6,
Fineness modulus=2.8
Course aggregate Crushed stone Specific gravity = 2.6
12mm down with 0.56% water
absorption
Chemical admixture Super plasticizer Master Glenium sky B833
Carbon emission due to different sectors
Literature review
Hussein Sasanipour, Farhad Aslani, et. Al effect of silica fume on
durability on self compacting concrete made with recycled concrete
aggregates. It is noted that silica fume increased workability and
improved the fresh properties of SCC, due to porosity & high water
absorption of recycled concrete aggregates the compressive strength of
concrete made is decreased, incorporation of silica fume the water
absorption reduced by 7% to 12%.
 Junaid M., Syed Adnan Raheel s., et al analysis of mechanical
properties of self compacted concrete by partial replacement of cement
with industrial wastes under elevated temperature. it is noted that SF
induction in the concrete mix as a replacement effectively improved the
base mechanical properties of the concrete. According to this research
work, about 20% and 25% SF content serving as the replacement of
ordinary cement were concluded to be the optimum quantity for the
enhancement and elevation of the compressive and flexural strengths[1].
 Continue:
 Kamran Muzaffar Khan, Usman Ghani. Investigated the relevant properties
of cement Effect of replacement was seen on workability, compressive
strength, tensile strength, modulus of rupture, equivalent cube strength by
casting mixes of different ratios; 1:2:4, 1:1.5:3.0, 1:1.25:2.50, 1:1.0:2.0. The
w/c ratio for first two mixes was kept as 0.65 and for rest two mixes as
0.45.After cost comparison of GGBS and Ordinary Portland Cement it is
concluded that price of GGBS is 25% to 50% less than that of Ordinary
Portland Cement. This aspect of GGBS makes it economical.
 Supritha R M et al,Effect of Carbonation on Self Compacting Concrete with
GGBS and Silica Fume; About 25% of cement content can be replaced by
supplementary cementing material like GGBS, SF and the cost of the concrete
is greatly reduced. The expenditure on number of skilled supervisors,
engineers, vibrator operators can drastically be reduced. Ground granulated
blast-furnace slag (GGBS) can increase the abilities to prevent water
penetration and Carbon penetration, and it can improve the durability of
concrete structures. The Carbon intrusion in 7 days cured specimens was more
as compared to 28 days cured specimens
Continue:
 Dixitkumar D. Patel et al, impact of waste materials on self-
compacting concrete; percentage of GGBS was 9% and the
water- cement ratios ranged from 0.32. The test results
indicated that, 9% percent by mass replacement of GGBS for
cement gives the higher strength for short and long terms
with compare to concrete with normal concrete mix
design[8].

Continue:
 Nalin V., et al (2017), study on effect of GGBFS & SF on
strength of concrete, at 28 days 5% GGBFS & 5% SF had
more compressive strength than normal concrete.
  K. Das, et al(2017), study on effect of mineral admixtures
of self compacting concrete, it observed that binder content
of 400 kg/m^3 at 25% replacement mix gives maximum
strength and binder content of 300 kg/m^3 at 25%
replacement with GGBFS at 0.35 W/C gives best result for
fresh concrete.
 A.vittalaiah, et al (2020), study on effects of durability and
strength on SCC after replacement of cement with GGBFS at
different dosages. Results shows if increases GGBFS at
higher level we get stronger effective concrete.
OBJECTIVE:
The following are the objectives of study-

 To analyse the Effect on Mechanical properties (Comp. Strength,

Indirect Tensile Strength, Flexural Strength) of Self Compacting
Concrete by partial replacement of Ground Granulated Blast
Furnace Slag (GGBFS) and Silica Fume (SF) at variable
temperatures
 To Compare the performance of SCC cubes mixes before
replacement and after replacement of Cement with GGBS & SF.
 Identification of research problem
 
 Availability
and arrangement of Silica Fume (SF) and Ground
Granulated Blast Furnace Slag (GGBFS), would be taken from
manufacturing industries of ferrosilicon & iron respectively.
 Arrangement of testing lab for proper analysis on time.
 Arrangement of equipment for testing.
Expected impact on industry
 SCC is considered as a future concrete maintaining all
concrete's durability, less labour, speeded construction, high
strength and characteristics and meeting expected performance
requirements. In line of advanced concrete technology and
research self-compacting concrete (SCC) contribute an
innovative role for the development and its implementations
worldwide. SCC, also known as self-leveling concrete (Super-
workable concrete and Self-consolidating concrete), is termed
as highly flowable, non-segregating concrete, do not require
any mechanical vibration and has the capability to compact
itself by its self-weight. SCC is classified by a low yield stress,
filling ability, passing ability, resistant to segregation, designed
rheological workability, high deformability, high durability and
high strength dense micro-structure.
Major inputs required
 Arrangement and Availability of Silica Fume & Ground
Granulated Blast Furnace Slag bags to the place of work.
 Mixing and testing of SF and GGBFS on time and compare
the result with normal concrete.
 Material required: SCC-Cement (43 grade), fine aggregates
(More in quantity) ,coarse aggregates ,(optional) Super-
plasticizer: VMA etc.
 Test for SCC: V-funnel test, L-Box test, Slump flow test.
 Test For Cement: Fineness test, Consistency test, setting time
test, Strength test etc.
 Test for Aggregates: Crushing test, Abrasion test, Impact test,
Shape test etc.
 Water Cement Ratio between 0.35 to 0.45.
Properties of SCC
 A concrete mix is called Self Compacting Concrete if it
fulfills the requirement of filling ability, passing ability
and resistance to segregation.
Filling ability: The property of SCC to fill all corners of a
formwork under its own weight is known as filling
ability. (Measured by slump test)
Passing ability: The property of SCC to flow through
reinforcing bars without segregation or blocking.
(Measured by L-box test)
Resistance to segregation: The property of SCC to
flow without segregation of the aggregates. (Measured
by V-funnel test)
 Research Methodology

Estimation & Collection of

Industrial such as Silica Fume(SF)
& Ground Granulated Blast
Furnace Slag(GGBS)

Mixing and Casting of SCC

Cubes with different
fundamental Tests by
considering IS Code (IS
10262:2019)

Mixing & Casting of SCC Cubes by

partially replaced cement with GGBS & SF
at different proportions

After Above procedure Compare the

Compare the effects on mechanical
properties of SCC Cubes with
GGBS & SCC with Silica Fume at
Curing period 7 days & 28 days
performance of SCC Cubes Mixes of
GGBS & SF at room temperature & at Result
variable temperature check the fire Analysis
resistance on SCC Replaced cubes of
GGBS & Silica Fume
 3.3. Results and discussion
1. Grade of Design Mix M20
1. Type of Cement
 s 43 PPC (Ultra Tech Cement) Sieve Analysis Result
1. Characteristics Strength of 20 N/mm2
Concrete(fck) Coarse Aggregate
1. Maximum Nominal Size of 10 mm , 20 mm
Aggregate Size Fraction-I(20 mm) Fraction-II(10 mm)
Aggregates
1. Minimum Cement Content 320 kg/m3 IS Sieve Size(mm) 40. 20. 16. 4.7 12. 10. 4.7 2.3
00 00 00 5 50 00 5 6
Maximum w/c Ratio 0.55 % passing as per 100 94 6 3 100 90 12 2
Cement Testing test
1.Specific Gravity Of Cement 3.15 % passing as per 100 85- - - 100 85- 0- 0-5
IS:383 Criteria 100 100 20
2.Fineness of Cement(IS Code <10%
4031: part 1)
3.Standard Consistency Test of 30%
Cement Fine Aggregate
4.Initial and Final Setting Time Initial setting time = 30 min
of Cement Test (by Vicat IS Sieve Size(mm) 12.5 10.0 4.75 2.36
Final Setting time= <600 min
Apparatus) 0 0
5.Soundness Test of Cement(Le 7-10 mm % passing as per test 100 93 4 2
Chateliers apparatus)
Aggregate Testing
% passing as per 100 85- 0-20 0-5
Specific Gravity of Coarse Aggregate 2.69
IS:383 Criteria 100
Specific Gravity of Fine Aggregate 2.67
Water Absorption of Coarse Aggregate 0.10%
Water Absorption of Fine Aggregate 0.14%
Free Surface Moisture of Coarse Nil
Aggregate
Free Surface Moisture of Fine Aggregate Nil
Receipt of Purchasing Material
SCHEDULE OF RESEARCH ACTIVITIES
REFERENCES

1.Duval, R.; Kadri, E. Influence of silica fume on the workability and the
compressive strength of high-performance concretes. Cem. Concr.
Res. 1998, 28, 533–547.

2. Zain, M.F.M.; Safiuddin, M.; Mahmud, H. Development of high

performance concrete using silica fume at relatively high water–binder
ratios. Cem. Concr. Res. 2000, 30, 1501–1505.

3. Aldred, J.M.; Holland, T.C.; Morgan, D.R.; Roy, D.M.; Bury, M.A.;
Hooton, R.D.; Olek, J.; Scali, M.J.; Detwiler, R.J.; Jaber, T.M. Guide for the
Use of Silica Fume in Concrete; ACI–American Concrete Institute–
Committee: Farmington Hills, MI, USA, 2006; Volume 234

4. Benzaid, M.; Benmarce, A. Behaviour of self compacting concrete mixed

with different additions at high-temperature. J. Meter. Environ. Sci. 2017, 8,
3081–3092.
5.Bharath, E.; Shishaila, J.M.; Prakash, P.; Puttiah, P.K.W. Effect of partial
replacement of cement in self-compacting concrete by fly ash and
metakaolin. Int. J. Eng. Res. Technol. 2015, 4, 339–346.

6.Bakhtiyari, S.; Allahverdi, A.; Rais-Ghasemi, M.; Zarrabi, B.; Parhizkar, T.

Self-compacting concrete containing different powders at elevated
temperatures–mechanical properties and changes in the phase composition of
the paste. Thermochim. Acta 2011, 514, 74–81.

7.Gesoğlu, M.; Güneyisi, E.; Kocabağ, M.E.; Bayram, V.; Mermerdaş, K.

Fresh and hardened characteristics of self compacting concretes made with
combined use of marble powder, limestone filler, and fly ash. Constr. Build.
Mater. 2012, 37, 160–170.

8.Mohamed, H.A. Effect of fly ash and silica fume on compressive strength of
self-compacting concrete under different curing conditions. Ain Shams Eng.
J. 2011, 2, 79–86

9.Sadek, D.M.; El-Attar, M.M.; Ali, H.A. Reusing of marble and granite
powders in self-compacting concrete for sustainable development. J. Clean.
Prod. 2016, 121, 19–32.
10.Arefi, M.R.; Rezaei-Zarchi, S. Synthesis of zinc oxide nanoparticles and their
effect on the compressive strength and setting time of self-compacted concrete
paste as cementitious composites. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2012, 13, 4340–4350.

11.Siddique, R.; Aggarwal, P.; Aggarwal, Y. Prediction of compressive strength of

self-compacting concrete containing bottom ash using artificial neural
networks. Adv. Eng. Softw. 2011, 42, 780–786

12.Tao, J.; Yuan, Y.; Taerwe, L. Compressive strength of self-compacting

concrete during high-temperature exposure. J. Mater. Civ. Eng. 2010, 22, 1005–
1011.
THANK YOU