Human heart and diseases

Presented By Aparna Jha

STRUCTURE OF HEART
 HEART DISEASE
● To get the energy to keep pumping your
heart needs food and oxygen (for
respiration)
● It gets the food & oxygen from its own blood
supply carried by the coronary arteries
● If these arteries get blocked it leads to heart
disease
 Cholesterol
● Fatty substance that sticks to the inside
walls of an artery making them narrower
● This slows the blood down
● If blood vessels get blocked complete it is
called thrombosis and blood flow is stopped
 Hypertension
● High Blood Pressure
● This happens when blood vessels are partly
blocked by cholesterol
● The heart has to pump much harder to
push the blood through = higher pressure
on the blood vessels
 STROKE

● A thrombosis in a blood vessel in the brain

is called a stroke
● Brain cells die because they have no
oxygen
● A person who has a stroke may become
paralysed or even die
 Angina

● If a coronary artery gets partially blocked,

the heart muscle gets too little food and
oxygen
● This results in severe chest pains called
angina
 HEART ATTACK
● A thrombosis in the coronary artery can
cause a heart attack
● This is when the heart stops beating
● but with the right treatment the heart can
be forced to start beating normal again.
The treatment is CARDIOVERSION
 Cardioversion is a
ECG REPORT medical procedure that
restores a normal heart
rhythm in people with
certain types of abnormal
heartbeats (arrhythmias).
 Causes of Heart Disease
Smoking
● Being overweight
● Eating too much cream, butter, eggs, fat or fried foods =
high cholesterol in the blood

Not Exercising Enough

Being stressed
(worry, angry, fear)
 To Avoid Heart Disease
1. Cut down on fried food
instead eat Boil, steam or grill food

2. Eat less red meat

Eat more poultry (chicken) and fish

3. Eat less dairy products

Instead Eat more veggies, fruit and nuts

4. Do NOT smoke
5. Exercise regularly (20 min a day minimum!)
6. Relax! Don’t get too stressed – chill out!
 Primary Blood Vessels
● The blood circulates around the body more
than thousand times a day through these
blood vessels.
● Arteries
● Capillaries
● Veins
 Blood Vessels: Arteries
●Carry blood Away from the heart to the
tissues.
●Carry oxygenated blood – except for the
pulmonary artery which transports the
deoxygenated blood to the lungs.
●Have thick, elastic walls to withstand high blood
pressure.
●The blood moves in pulses due to the pumping
action of the heart.
 Blood Vessels: Veins
●Carry blood back to the heart – gravity
means this is not an easy job!
●Carry deoxygenated blood, except
pulmonary vein (carries oxygenated blood).
●Have thin walls because the blood travels
at low pressure
●Veins have one-way valves to stop blood
flowing backwards
Artery Vs Vein Structure
 Blood Vessels: Capillaries
● Join arteries to veins
● Very tiny blood vessels that reach all the
cells of the body – thin permeable walls
● Capillaries provides food, oxygen & water
to the cells and remove wastes like carbon
dioxide etc. from them.
capillaries