Flagellates

Mastigophora
Zeibig p. 80

2
Giardia intestinalis

3
MORPHOLOGY
•
Trophozoite
–
Bilateral symmetry, 2 nuclei, tear d
rop / pear shape
–
Sucking disc
–
4 pairs of flagella
–
Falling leaf / kite-like / gliding moti
lity
•
Cyst
Ovoid
–

2 - 4 nuclei, 4 median bodies

–

When stained with I2- shrink

–

appearing as double membrane

4
Life Cycle
6
 G. lamblia Trophozoite
Mahon p. 658 Fig. 28-17

7
 G. lamblia cyst
Mahon p. 658 Fig. 28-18
 Clinical manifestations
•
Symptoms begin 1-3 weeks after exposure

•
Watery diarrhea

•
Malabsorption syndrome
–
Abdominal cramps, foul-smelling stools, flatulence and
steatorrhea

•
Leningraud’s curse
–
Giardiasis with severe diarrhea

10
 Diagnosis
•
String test method (old)
String test with gelatin
–

capsule
(+) trophozoite
–

•
RT- PCR

11
 Treatment, Prevention and Control
•
Treatment
Metronidazole, tinidazole and nitazoxanide
–

•
Prevention and Control
Drink only safe and clean H2O
–

12
Chilomastix mesnili

13
Morphology
•
Trophozoite
Pear-shape
–

Presence of spiral goove

–

Cystostome -Hour glass

–

shape / shepherd’s crook

Cork screw / boring motion
–

•
Cyst
Lemon shape
–

Nipple like projection

–

14
15
Dientamoeba fragilis
Morphology
•
Trophozoite
5-12m (dia.), w/
–

ecto/endoplasm
Broad Hyaline pseudopodia,
–

which may be lobose, angular,

broad, or leaf-like with serrated
margin
2 nuclei
–

Tetracoccic karyosome
–

Progressive motility
–

17
Enteromonas hominis

18
Morphology
•
Trophozoite
Oval shape
–

Jerky motility
–

1 nucleus, centrally located

–

karyosome
Has four flagella
–

•
Cyst
Oval to elongate
–

4 nuclei
–

19
Retormonas intestinalis

20
Morphology
Trophozoite
•

1 nucleus w/ compact
–

karyosome
2 flagella w/ cytostome
–

Jerky motility
–

Cystic
•

1 nucleus w/ 2 fused fibrils

–

21
Trichomonads

22
FEATURES T. hominis T. tenax T. vaginalis
Habitat
Nucleus
Undulating
membrane
Inclusion bodies
Specimen for
Diagnosis

23
Trichomonas hominis

24
Morphology
•
Pear shape
•
Nervous jerky motility
•
Possess a structure known as
costa
•
Undulating membrane with
spike-like axostyle

25
Trichomonas tenax

26
Morphology
•
Oval or pear shape
•
Central anterior nucleus

27
Trichomonas vaginalis

28
Morphology
•
Ovoid, round or pearl like
shape
•
Rapid jerky thumbling
motility
•
4 to 6 flagella

29
30
 Manner of Transmission
•
Non-venereal : •
Venereal transfer:
–
communal bathing or –
Female
sharing of douche Foul smell, greenish yellow
•

equipments, vaginal discharge

Vulvar itchiness
•

Toilet articles
–

–
Male
•
Asymptomatic
direct contact
–
 Laboratory Diagnosis
•
Specimen:
Discharge
–

•
Culture:
Diamond’s culture
–

•
Serologic test:
IHDA and GD
–

•
Treatment:
Metronidazole
–

•
Prevention and Control:
Safe sex, Treatment of partner and Public education
–

32
33