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Foundation Module 3
Foundation Module 3
ARCHITECTURAL
STRUCTURES
PILE FOUNDATION
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MODULE 3
DESIGN OF
PILE FOUNDATION
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TOPIC OBJECTIVE
• To attain an in-depth understanding in
the principles involved in foundation
pile application and construction
methodology, particular to friction piles
and end bearing piles, driven piles and
bored piles, and the methods based on
installation.
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PILE FOUNDATION
is used for those tall
buildings or massive
structures, which
require foundations
that can bear the
load of thousands of
tons, most probably
in unstable or difficult
soil conditions.
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PILES
are vertically installed
structural elements to
prevent the
displacement of a
foundation produced
by the weight of a
structure, or an
overturning moment
PIER OF BRIDGE 5
It is usually installed in rows at an even distance
to produce a uniformly distributed load capacity.
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It is a Vertical
shaft buried deep
in the ground to
transfer the
weight of the PILE CAP
whole structure,
live loads and
movable loads or
uplift loads
produced by lateral
forces on the
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superstructure.
Piles will increase the stability
of tall structures, where the
foundations are subjected to
large eccentric loads, inclined
loads and overturning
moment.
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The eccentric load will produce an
overturning moment at the
clockwise direction. The horizontal
foundation at point A will deflect
upwards while at point B will
deflect downward, if pile A is uplift,
thus in tension it is called tension
pile,…..while pile D is a A B C D
compacting pile.
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TYPES OF PILES
Piles are classified on the basis of
the following characteristics:
Mechanism of load transfer
Type of materials
Method of installation 10
Mechanism of
load transfer
The ability of a pile to resist
settlement is dependent on
the cohesive qualities of
the soil which produce
friction along the length of
the pile shaft.
FRICTION PILE
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Mechanism of load transfer
When a pile toe rest on a
founding layer or hard
bearing strata, but the soil is
too fluid to grip the shaft, all
the loads are transferred to
the longitudinal axis of the
shaft.
TIMBER PILES 14
Timber piles are made of-tree trunks with
structural importance due to its ability to
withstand shear force and bending moment with
a load bearing capacity of 100 to 250 KN per pile.
It is the most economical pile material. due to its
flexibility in handling and installation. However
its length, and diameter is limited due to its
natural growth.
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The method of installation is, driven to the ground with a
hammer of 250 to 1,000 Kg. of weight, displacing the
earth as it is forced to penetrate beneath the strata. 16
The head is protected by a steel
helm to avoid while
splinter,
the toe is
protected by a metal shoe.
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STEEL PILES
The cross sectional area vary from different forms,
circular, pipe, I-section, H-section, sheets, hexagonal,
etc. it’s load bearing capacity is 1,800 KN per pile
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Maximum
length of steel
pipes are
practically
unlimited due
to its ability to
be welded.
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Steel piles are basically
driven to the ground,
wide flange beams & I-
beams proportioned to
withstand the hard
driving stress to which the
pile may be subjected.
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Ability to penetrate
through light obstructions
displacing lesser soil due
to its minimal cross
sectional area, therefore
occupying lesser space.
It is a non-displacement method
because
the soil is extracted out
and replaced by casting a reinforced
concrete mix. 26
BORED PILES
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CASED PILES are also categorized into two types
The permanent cased and the temporary cased PILES
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In summary;
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