RESEARCH

PROCESS
Research is an organized and systematic
method of finding answers to questions.
DEFINING AND DEVELOPING A
PROBLEM/TOPIC

TITLE

Research
Problem
Research problem/topic should be:
• Relevant
• Significant
• Feasible
SPECIFIC CONSIDERATION IN
CHOOSING A PROBLEM

• WORKABILITY
• CRITICAL MASS
• INTEREST
• THEORETICAL VALUE
• PRACTICAL VALUE
 RESEARCH VARIABLE
INDEPENDENT VARIABLE
is the variable the researcher/experimenter changes or
controls and is assumed to have a direct effect on the
dependent variable
DEPENDENT VARIABLE
is the variable being tested and measured in an experiment,
and is ‘dependent’ on the independent variable
INTERVENING VARIABLE
is a hypothetical variable used to explain causal links
between variables. Intervening variables cannot be observed in
an experimental research.
FINDING
BACKGROUND
RESEARCH
INFORMATION ABOUT PROBLEM
A CHOSEN
PROBLEM/TOPIC

STUDIES
JOURNAL
RRL
 STATISTICS
DATA
PLANNING A ANALYSIS

RESEARCH DESIGN RESEARCH

AND SAMPLE DESIGN
VALIDATION
SAMPLING
Methodology refers to the TECHNIQUE
systematic procedures or INSTRUMENT
techniques used to
identify, select, process,
and analyze information
about a topic.

METHODOLOGY
Research instrument is a measurement tool
designed to obtain data on a topic of interest
from research subjects.

o Checklist o Informed consent

o Survey questionnaire o Human rights
o Multiple-choice paper- protection
pencil test o Anonymity
o privacy
 Verbatim quotes,
detailed
PRESENTING, explanation

ANALYZING, AND
INTERPRETING Tables, graphs,
DATA or figures
FORMULATING NEW
INSIGHTS(FOR
The researcher
QUALITATIVE therefore
RESEARCH) OR conclude,

CONCLUSIONS(FOR
QUANTITATIVE
RESEARCH)
DEFINING A NEW
PROBLEM

a new research problem

ACTIVITY #1

Expound this statement. “RESEARCH STARTS

WITH A PROBLEM AND ENDS WITH A PROBLEM.”