Knowledge management

GROUP ONE
OUTLINES

 Introduction to knowledge & knowledge

management
 Role of knowledge management in organization
 Knowledge management models/framework
 Knowledge management cycle
 Knowledge management and technologies
What is knowledge
 Knowledge is the fact or condition of knowing something
with familiarity gained through experience or association
Also knowledge can be defined as a familiarity, awareness,
or understanding of someone or something, such as facts,
information, descriptions, or skills, which is acquired
through experience or education by perceiving, discovering,
or learning
Types of knowledge
 There are two types of knowledge which are Explicit and
Tacit knowledge
1) Explicit knowledge, is an articulated knowledge, expressed and
recorded as words, numbers, codes, mathematical and scientific
formulae, and musical notations. Explicit knowledge is easy to
communicate, store, and distribute and is the knowledge found in
books, on the web, and other visual and oral means.
 q

2) Tacit knowledge
Unwritten, unspoken, and hidden vast storehouse of
knowledge held by practically every normal human being,
based on his or her emotions, experiences, insights,
intuition, observations and internalized information
Knowledge management
 Knowledge management is the collaborative and integrated
approach to the creation, capture, organisational access and use
of an organization intellectual assets (Grey, 1996).
 It is a deliberately and systematically coordination of an
organization people, technology, processes, and organization
structures in order to add value through reuse and innovation
 It is the concept under which information is turned into actionable
Knowledge and make available effortless in a usage form to the
people who can apply it
 Knowledge management is important factor for competitive
environment
 1

CHARECTERISTICS OF KNOWLEDGE MANAGEMENT

 Using knowledge does not consume it.

 Transferring knowledge doesn’t consume it.
 Knowledge is abundant but the ability to use it is scare.
 Much of organisations valuable knowledge walks out of
the door at the end of the day.
 What are activities involved in knowledge management?

 Knowledge management does not involve a single operation in an organization,

a series of related activities are done especially under organization level such
as;
 Generating knew knowledge, accessing of valuable knowledge from outside
resources,
 Embedding knowledge in process, product and or service,
 Facilitating knowledge growth through culture and incentives,
 Transferring of knowledge into other part of an organization
 Also through measuring of knowledge assets and impacts of knowledge
management in organization.
 OBJECTIVES OF KNOWLEDGE MANAGEMENT
The main objectives of knowledge management are;
 To facilitate a smooth transition from those retiring to their successors
who are recruited fill their positions.
 To minimise the loss of corporate memory due to attrition and
retirement.
 To identify critical resources and critical areas of knowledge so that the
organisation utilises the potential of employees in the organisation.
ROLES OF KNOWLEDGE
MANAGEMENT IN ORGANIZATION

 To prevent knowledge blow down

 To improve decision making in organization
 Flexibility and adaptability
 Competitive advantage
 Making effective utilization of human capital
 Higher interaction among people in organization
 Enhanced performance in organization
 Customer management
Knowledge management cycle
 Knowledge management system follows a six steps process in a
cycle.
 The reason the system is cyclical is that knowledge is dynamically
refined over time.
 The knowledge in a good knowledge management system is
never finished because of time, the environment changes and the
knowledge must be updated to reflect the changes.
 Today’s knowledge may become obsolete if the organization fails
to update the knowledge where it has to cope with new
technologies, new techniques of doing jobs and new
organizational employees recruited with new knowledge
Cont……
 Knowledge management cycle involves the following
stages
1. Creation
2. Capture
3. Refine
4. Store
5. Manage
6. Disseminate
cont…..

 Knowledge creation: Knowledge is created as people determine

new ways of doing things or develop the ‘know-how’. Sometimes
external knowledge is introduced
 Through knowledge transfer or through employing skilled
employees who have experienced new ways of doing jobs,
example, installation of automated CNC machines which replaces
the old manual CNC machine which will require the new ways of
doing tasks in a production line,
Cont…..

 Capturing knowledge: New knowledge must be valued and

represented in a reasonable way. For example, when a
medical professional i.e. doctors, sergeants, nurses, etc.
solves a new medical case, so he/she has captured new
knowledge. Therefore, when the professional wants to
represents the solution of that diseases, the newly found
knowledge should be presented in a reasonable way to ease
understanding among the audience or related professionals
Cont….

 Refining knowledge: New knowledge must be placed in

proper context so that appropriate actions can be made.
 This is where human insights (tacit qualities) must be
captured along with explicit facts. For example, when
someone has new knowledge to present, the
presentation should depend on explicit facts or
knowledge available.
Cont…..

 Storing knowledge: Useful knowledge must then be stored in a

reasonable format in a knowledge repository so that others in
the organization can access it. For example, storing the
knowledge in electronic medical records will help other
production professionals to access that information at any time.
 Also storing of knowledge can be done online through websites
although some organisations still utilises traditional paper for
storing of knowledge
Cont….

 Managing knowledge: Like a library, the knowledge must be kept

current. It must be reviewed to verify that it is relevant and
accurate. When an engineer create knowledge, that knowledge
must be reasonable and not reflecting other irrelevant facts.
 Knowledge available in an organization platforms or other
knowledge storing tools should have a coloration with the
existing practices, St any point the knowledge has to be valid and
usefully for use in organization improvement.
Cont….

 Dissemination of knowledge: Knowledge must be made available in a

useful format to anyone in the organization who needs it, anywhere
and anytime. For example, when a nurse introduces new knowledge,
it should be clear and easy to understand for others to view and use it
accordingly
 knowledge management cycle is the never ending process where by
after dissemination of knowledge the cycle begins again depending on
time changes and improvements of existing disseminated knowledge
Knowledge management cycle.
Knowledge management and technologies
 Knowledge management at that this level uses technology for the
transfer and exchange knowledge, because of this relation
technology plays a significant role in knowledge management
1. Information technology
The most important type of technology that play essential role in
KM is information technology. The development of information
technology contributed to the effectiveness of knowledge
management and its various application in recent decades.
Cont…
2. computers and servers’ technology
 Modern servers and computers have greater storage capacity that
facilitate ability to store a large amount of date and information
sufficient to produce more accurate and realistic knowledge.
 Also with this massive storage capacity large amount of
information and knowledge can be preserved until they are
needed.
Cont…

communication and network technologies

 Thisenables availability of knowledge to all that
deserve it worldwide. The use of internet enables
knowledge management to gather appropriate data
and information from faraway places around the
world.
Cont…

Internet technology
Internet technologies are evolving so they go beyond
their traditional function (providing information and
transferring knowledge) to other, more diverse, and
detailed functions. This provides knowledge management
with essential and comprehensive resources.
Cont…

Image and video technologies in knowledge

management
The technologies of cameras and scanners have developed
significantly during the past decades. This made it one of the
essential sources of knowledge management for collecting
and analyzing information.
Knowledge management models

A knowledge management framework is a matrix that depicts

knowledge management as a set of processes, which are defined
through the application of the four management functions to each of
the application of the four management functions to each of
organizational knowledge processes.
 Are structured technique to consider for sharing knowledge within an
organization and examine its properties and modify it to its specific
needs
Nonaka’s and Takeuchi model

 This is an attempt at giving a high level conceptual

representation of knowledge management and
essentially considers knowledge management as a
knowledge creation process. In this model knowledge is
considered as consisting if tacit and explicit elements.
CONT…

There are four different modes of knowledge conversion in

the Nonaka and Takeuchi model of knowledge conversion −
 Socialization (tacit to tacit) i.e. Indirect way,
 Externalization (tacit to explicit) i.e. Indirect to Direct way,
 Combination (explicit to explicit) i.e. Direct way, and
 Internalization (explicit to tacit) i.e. Direct to indirect way.
CONT…
Choo Sense-Making KM model

The Choo Sense-Making KM Model (1998) focuses

on
 Sense Making
 Knowledge Creation
 Decision making skills
CONT…
WIIG Model

Karl Wiig KM model (1993) marks the basic principle which says, in order for
knowledge to be useful and valuable; it must be organized and synchronized.
Some essential dimensions in the WIIGS KM model are −

• Completeness
• Connectedness
• Congruency and
• Perspective and purpose
CONT…
Von Krogh and Roos Model

This model, analyzes the following aspects

 Why and how the knowledge gets to the workers of a

company
 Why and how the knowledge arrives at the organization
 What does knowledge mean for the workers as well as the
organization
 What are the barriers of organizational knowledge
management
CONT…

In their organizational model, knowledge is to be found both in the mind of the people
and in the links between them.
This model examines the nature of knowledge management from the perspective of −

 Staff members
 Communication and connection
 Organizational structure and layout
 Network between members and
 Management of human resources
.

THE END

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