Materials

Ortiz, Alex y 3rd Secondary

Arilla, Pablo 2022
PLASTIC MATERIALS

TECHNOLOGIES
Plastic Manufacture

They are made up of gigantic carbon

molecules. The substances can be of mineral,
vegetable or animal origin:

• Of mineral origin, such as oil, coal or

natural gas.
Properties of Plastics
· Elasticity:
· Thermal insulator:
Ability to return to
It is heat resistant
its original form

·
Properties of Plastics

· · Plasticity: · ·

Does not return to its original form after Waterproof:

being deformed

·
Properties of Plastics · ·

They resist very well to atmospheric

· Electrical insulator:
and corrosive agents:
The electricity cannot pass trough

·
Classifications of Plastics
·

· · Thermoplastics:
Plastics are made up of giant molecules.
They are formed by smaller molecules
joining together forming chains

·
Classifications of Plastics
· Thermosetting of
·

plastics:
·

It undergoes a reaction called degradation

or setting. They remain in the form they
have acquired during this process.

·
Classifications of Plastics

·
Elastomers:
Elastomers are usually thermosetting
polymers, but can also be thermoplastics.
The long polymer chains link together
during curing.

·
Examples and Uses
THERMOPLASTICS:
POLYPROPYLENE TEFLON METHACRYLATE POLYETHYLENE

·
Examples and Uses
THERMOSETTING PLASTICS:
POLYURETHANE EPOXY RESIN PHENOLIC POLYESTER

RESINS RESIN
 Examples and Uses
ELASTOMERS:

SILICONE POLYISOPRENE POLYBUTADIENE NEOPRENE

Plastics Forming Techniques
EXTORSION

Plastic extrusion is an industrial process,

in which a plastic pressing and molding
action is carried out by means of an
extruder machine. By means of pressure
and push, it is given the desired shape
through a mold.
·

·
Plastics Forming Techniques
VACUUM FORMING

Vacuum molding is a
manufacturing method used to
shape plastic materials. During the
vacuum molding process, a plastic
sheet is heated, which is then
sucked into a single mold.

·
Plastics Forming Techniques
BLOW MOULDING

Blow molding is a process used to make

hollow plastic parts by expanding the
material. This is achieved by means of the
pressure exerted by the air on the walls of the
preform, in the case of injection-blow
molding, or by the parison, in the case of
extrusion-blow molding.

·
Plastics Forming Techniques
INJECTION MOULDING

The plastic injection technique consists of

molding an element thanks to a mold that
houses the piece. The polymers are injected
under pressure into the mold through a
nozzle and the pressure is kept constant
while the part cools, giving it its final shape.

·
Plastics Recycling

·
·
TEXTILES
 NATURAL FIBRES

COTTON

WOOL

LINEN

SILK

_allex.s__
ARTIFICIAL FIBRES

POLYESTER NILON

AÑA
STONE AND
CERAMIC
MATERIALS
Stone Materials

The primary method of developing stone

deposits is quarrying. Initially, an occurrence
site is opened up, the upper layers of the earth's
crust are removed, a stone monolith is exposed
and trenching begins.
Properties
Marble:

It's a metamorphic rock, hard, dense and

resistant to compression and environmental
conditions. It's cold to the touch and it has a
widely varied naturals colour.
Properties

Granite:

It's an igneous rock (quartz, feldspar and mica) – very resistant to

impacts, compression and erosion.

Properties
Slate:

It's a metamorphic rock, hard, dense, compact

and waterproof. It's extracted from the
quarrying in smooth, flat pieces that are cut
and pressed.
Stone Blinders and Artificial Stones

Binders are used to bind or join other materials

together. All binders need water for joining
materials. When the process is finished, they
get high resistance and hardness.
Stone Blinders and Artificial Stones
Plaster

It is obtained from gypsum rock that is crushed

and dehydrated. Then it's mixed with water to
make a paste that hardens rapidly. Plasters are
sticky, resistant to compression and fire.
Stone Blinders and Artificial Stones
Cement

Grey powder made from a mixture of

limestone, clay and plaster. It ́s mixed with
water to form a paste that solidifies quite
easily. Cement is very hard and resistant. It's
used to make mortar and others binders for join
bricks, paving, etc.
Stone Blinders and Artificial Stones
Mortar

It's a binder made from cement and sand; it

hardens when mixed with water. It's used to
hold together construction materials like
bricks, cement blocks and paving stone, and it
is also used for making artificial stone.
Stone Blinders and Artificial Stones
Concrete

It is a mixture of gravel, sand, water and

cement that dries and hardens. Properties: very
resistant to contraction stress, but not to
traction. It is used for making reinforced
concrete, which consist of putting steel bars

inside the concrete.

SIUUU

CERAMIC MATERIALS
BRICK AND
STONEWARE PORCELAIN
ROOF

ARILLA GUAPO
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HERE

GLASS

PANCAKES
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END
THANKS FOR YOUR ATENCION

Arilla, Pablo y
Ortiz, Alex

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