Cpanel - Nov2020

WELCOME TO
ARMIA SYSTEMS INC
Armia Systems, Inc Internal Use Only

Last Modified November 2011
cPanel Introduction
• cPanel is a Linux-based web hosting control panel.
• cPanel has been written in Perl
• It was first released in March 21, 1996
• It can only be installed in Linux servers,
• It supports CentOS, RHEL and CloudLinux operating
software.

What is cPanel?
 cPanel is an online Linux-based graphical interface (GUI)
used as a control panel to simplify website and server
management.
 Backend administration of web-based content
 User friendly interface web site management
 cPanel allows you to publish websites, manage domains,
organize web files, create email accounts, and more.

Why cPanel
• cPanel is packed with many features that is not provided
by other web hosting management panels.
• It is graphical, hence, non–technical users can also use it
perfectly.
• cPanel is very easy to use and configure. It automatically
adjusts all the advanced setting for web hosting.
• A user hardly needs to go to the command line to
configure any settings, as it already has all the features
inbuilt.

Advantages of cPanel
• It is very easy to host a website using cPanel.
• It is multiannual and available in many languages.
• It is responsive and adapts to any screen size, it can be
used efficiently in mobile and Tablet too.
• cPanel has in–built File Manager, which helps in
managing your files without the hassles of an FTP.
• cPanel has integrated webmail software, which helps in
sending and receiving emails through online webmail
client.

Advantages of cPanel (Contd)
• You can easily create a backup of your website in a few
steps. This will help you to restore your backup, if your
website encounters any error.
• You can easily manage your website databases, as
cPanel has integrated phpMyAdmin, which helps to
directly manage databases.

Disadvantages of cPanel
• cPanel is a commercial software and you

need to pay to get this.
• cPanel is meant for small and medium
websites only. Creating a large website using
cPanel is not recommended.

cPanel Pricing

cPanel Licenses

cPanel Users
cPanel hosting has three types of user levels.
• Server Administrator
• Reseller Accounts
• User Account

cPanel Users (Contd)
Server Administrator:
• This user is the root user of a cPanel Linux Server and
has all the permission over the server.
• Server Admin can create, modify or delete any account
from the cPanel Server.
• The Server Admin has access to cPanel WHM (Web Host
Manger), which can be understood as the backend of
cPanel.

Reseller Accounts:
• This user is created by the server administrator and server
administrator can choose which type of permissions should be given
to reseller accounts.
• A Reseller account can further create user accounts and has access
to all those accounts, which they have created.
• One reseller account does not have access to the user accounts that
were created by another reseller accounts.
• They also have access to WHM with limited permissions.

User Account:
• These are normal user accounts, each user who
subscribes for a web hosting from a company, is given
this type of account.
• They do not have access to Web Host Manager.
• User account can host single or multiple websites
according to their plans they have purchased from web
hosting provider.

Live Session
•Installing cPanel on your server
•Accessing WHM and cPanel

Installing cPanel
• Check System Requirements first

• Valid Hostname
• Disable SELinux
• Disable Network Manager

Installing cPanel (Contd)
To install cPanel, run the following command:
cd /home && curl -o latest -L https://securedownloads.cpanel.net/latest && sh latest

How to access WHM?
To access WHM, enter one of the following URLs:
•https://192.168.0.1:2087 — Access WHM over an encrypted connection

with your IP address.
•https://example.com:2087 — Access over an encrypted connection with

your domain name.

Access WHM:
To log in with your WHM account, perform the following steps:
• Enter your WHM username in the Username text box.

• Enter your password in the Password text box.
• Click Log in.

How to access cPanel?
To access cPanel, enter one of the following URLs:
• https://192.168.0.1:2083 — Access cPanel over an encrypted

connection with your IP address.
• https://example.com:2083 — Access cPanel over an encrypted
connection with your domain name.

Access cPanel
To log in with your cPanel account, perform the following steps:
• Enter your cPanel username in the Username text box.

• Enter your password in the Password text box.
• Click Log in.

cPanel Important Tools
• Files
• Domains
• Software
• Databases
• Emails
• Security
• Preferences

Files
• File Manager:
cPanel organizes all the files in your account into folders. Use the File Manager interface to
manage and edit your files.
• Disk Usage:
This interface displays information about your files, your directories, and how you use your
account's disk space.
• Backup:
This interface allows you to download and store your site in a backup file.
• File and Directory Restoration:

The File and Directory Restoration interface allows you to restore items from local backup
sources.

Files (Contd)
• FTP Accounts:
You can use this interface to create and manage your website's File Transfer Protocol
(FTP) accounts.
• Directory Privacy
This interface allows you to protect specific directories in your cPanel account’s files. After
you enable this feature for a directory, when users attempt to view that directory via a
website, the system prompts them to log in.

Domains
• Addon Domains:
Addon domains allow you to control multiple domains from a single account.
• Aliases:
Domain aliases are domains that you own, but which do not contain any content. Instead,
they point to the contents of another domain or subdomain on your account.
• Subdomains:
This interface allows you to create and manage subdomains for your cPanel account.
• Redirects:
This interface allows you to send all of the visitors of a domain or particular page to a
different URL.

Software
• Application Manager
This interface allows you to deploy applications with the Phusion Passenger®
application server.
• MultiPHP INI Editor for cPanel

This interface allows you to configure your PHP settings.
• MultiPHP Manager for cPanel

cPanel's MultiPHP Manager interface allows you to easily manage your account's PHP
configuration.
• Optimize Website
This interface allows you to configure your server to automatically compress specified
types of content when visitors access that content.

Databases
• MySQL Database Wizard
This wizard guides you through the setup of a MySQL® database, user accounts, and user privileges.
• MySQL® Databases
Use this interface to create, manage, and delete MySQL databases and database users.
• phpMyAdmin
Use this interface to manipulate MySQL® databases.
• Remote MySQL
This feature allows remote hosts (servers) to access MySQL® databases on your account.

Email
• Email Accounts
This interface lets you to add, manage, and delete email accounts.
• Forwarders:
This interface allows you configure an email address to forward copies of incoming emails to another
address.
• Email Routing:
This interface allows you to configure how the system routes a domain's incoming mail.
• Autoresponders:
This feature allows you to configure automatic email response messages.
• Mailing Lists
Mailing lists allow you to use a single address to send mail to multiple email addresses.
Email (Contd)
• Track Delivery:
This interface displays reports about email message delivery attempts from your account.
• Email Filters:
This interface allows you to filter the email for each email account in your domain.
• Email Deliverability in cPanel:

Use this interface to identify problems with your mail-related DNS records for one or more of your domains.
• Spam Filters:
This interface allows you to configure the spam filter settings (powered by Apache SpamAssassin™) for your
account.
• Email Disk Usage:

This interface allows you to view all of your mailboxes and remove old or large messages.

Security
• Hotlink Protection:
A hotlink occurs when someone embeds content from your site in another site and uses
your bandwidth to serve the files. You can use this interface to prevent this issue.
• IP Blocker:
The IP Blocker interface allows you to block access to your site for one or more IP
addresses or fully qualified domain names (FQDNs).
• Leech Protection:
The Leech Protection interface allows you to detect unusual levels of activity in password-
restricted directories.
• ModSecurity:
This interface allows you to enable or disable ModSecurity for your domains.

Security (Contd)
• SSH Access:
This interface provides information about how to connect to another web server via the SSH (secure
shell) network protocol.
• SSL/TLS:
The features in this interface allow you to generate and manage SSL certificates, signing requests, and
keys, which enhance your website's security.
• SSL/TLS Status:
This interface lets you view, upgrade, or renew your domains' Secure Sockets Layer (SSL) certificates.
• SSL/TLS Wizard:
This interface allows you to easily purchase and install SSL certificates for domains on your account.

Preferences
• Password & Security:
This interface allows you to update your account's password.
• Account Preferences:
Use this interface to change your account settings.
• Change Language:
You can choose to view the cPanel interface in many different languages.
• Change Style:
Use this interface to choose a style in order to customize the cPanel interface's appearance.
• Contact Information:
Use this interface to store contact information for your cPanel account and to set your contact
preferences.
cPanel & WHM Log Files
Apache:
This file contains the domain access logs
•/usr/local/apache/domlogs/domain
This file contains the error logs for Apache.

•/usr/local/apache/logs/error_log
•/var/log/apache2/error_log

cPanel & WHM Log Files (Contd)
MySQL:
This file contains information about the cPanel account’s MySQL databases and errors
in MySQL 5.7 and later and MariaDB 10.3 and later.
• /var/log/mysqld.log
This file contains information about the cPanel account’s MySQL databases and errors
in MySQL 5.6 and earlier and MariaDB 10.2 and earlier.
• /var/lib/mysql/HOSTNAME.err

Memory/CPU usage:
This file contains information about the processes that consume the most CPU and memory.
• /var/log/dcpumon/YYYY/MMM/DD

Mail Logs:
This file contains Exim’s mail receipt and delivery logs for the cPanel account’s domains.
• /var/log/exim_mainlog
This file contains IMAP and POP3 login attempts and other mail logs
• /var/log/maillog
This file contains a log of messages that the system rejected due to ACLs.
• /var/log/exim_rejectlog
This file contains Exim’s severe error logs.

• /var/log/exim_paniclog

This directory contains the cPanel backup log files.
• /usr/local/cpanel/logs/cpbackup
This directory contains the cPanel Backup Transporter’s log files.

• /usr/local/cpanel/logs/cpbackup_transporter
This directory contains the EasyApache build log files.

• /usr/local/cpanel/logs/easy/apache
This directory contains each account’s bandwidth usage logs.

• /var/cpanel/bandwidth/username
This directory contains account transfer log files and other, miscellaneous log files.
• /var/cpanel/logs

This directory contains the system’s update log files.
• /var/cpanel/updatelogs
This directory contains the account’s MySQL upgrade logs.

• /var/cpanel/logs/mysql_upgrade.log
This directory contains records of errors within a user’s task queue.

• /home/username/.cpanel/logs
This file contains records of when a cPanel & WHM user accesses their account.
• /usr/local/cpanel/logs/access_log

This file contains general cPanel & WHM errors
• /usr/local/cpanel/logs/error_log
This file contains the server’s license update logs and license errors.
• /usr/local/cpanel/logs/license_log
This file contains the login attempts to the cpsrvd daemon.

• /usr/local/cpanel/logs/login_log
This file contains PHP-FPM implementation errors.

• /usr/local/cpanel/logs/php-fpm/error.log

This file contains the user’s error logs.
• /var/cpanel/php-fpm/USER/logs/error.log
This file contains records of cPanel account actions, such as creation and deletion.
• /var/cpanel/accounting.log
This file contains the login attempts and general error messages for the services like FTP,
named, SSH etc
• /var/log/messages

Common configuration files
Config file location Description

/usr/local/apache/conf/httpd.conf Apache configuration file
/etc/exim.conf Exim Mail Server configuration file
/etc/named.conf Name server (named) configuration file
/etc/proftpd.conf proftpd server configuration file
/etc/pure-ftpd.conf pure-ftpd server configuration file
/var/cpanel/cpanel.config cpanel configuration file (Tweak Settings)
/etc/resolv.conf Networking Setup, Resolver Configuration
/etc/wwwacct.conf account creation defaults file in WHM (Basic
cPanel/WHM Setup)
/etc/cpupdate.conf cPanel Update Config (upcp)
/etc/cpbackup.conf Backup Configuration

Common configuration files (Contd)
/usr/local/lib/php.ini php configuration file
/etc/my.cnf mysql configuration file
/etc/dovecot.conf dovecot configuration file
/etc/valiases/domainname catchall and forwarders are set here
/etc/vfilters/domainname email filters are set here
/etc/userdomains all domains are listed here - addons, parked,subdomains along with their
usernames
/etc/trueuserdomains Lists all the primary domain.

/etc/localdomains exim related file - all domains should be listed here to be able to send
mails
/var/cpanel/users/username cpanel user file

Common configuration files (Contd)
/etc/ssh/sshd_config ssh configuration file
/etc/sysconfig/network Networking Setup
/etc/ips ip addresses on the server (except the shared ip) (IP Functions--
>Show IP Address Usage )
/etc/ipaddrpool ip addresses which are free

/var/cpanel/resellers resellers are listed here
/var/cpanel/packages hosting packages are listed here
/var/cpanel/root.accts root owned domains are listed here
/var/cpanel/suspended suspended accounts are listed here
/var/cpanel/users/ cpanel user file – theme, bwlimit, addon, parked, sub-domains all
are listed in this files
/var/cpanel/zonetemplates/ dns zone template files are taken from here

cPanel Scripts
Command Description
/scripts/upcp To upgrade cPanel version
/scripts/killacct username To terminate a cPanel account.
/scripts/suspendacct username To suspend an account.
/scripts/unsuspendacct To unsuspend an account.

username
/scripts/restartsrv_httpd To restart Apache service

cPanel Scripts (Contd)
Command Description
/scripts/restartsrv_mysql To restart Mysql service
/scripts/restartsrv_$servicename restart script for services
/scripts/updateuserdomains updates /etc/userdomains entries from /var/cpanel/users
/scripts/rebuildhttpdconf
To rebuild Apache’s main configuration file
/scripts/mailperm fixes permission problems with mail directories

Backup Scripts

/scripts/pkgacct username
This will create a cpmove archive for an cPanel account. After you create the
archive, you can then restore the account on any cPanel & WHM servers.

/scripts/cpbackup
To run the backup process manually from the command line.

Restore Scripts
•/scripts/restorepkg username
This script will restore a cPanel account from a backup file.

cPanel Account Migration
• /scripts/pkgacct username
• Migrate the backup file to new server
• Login new server
• Restore the cPanel account using the
script,
• /scripts/restorepkg username

Thank You!


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WELCOME TO

ARMIA SYSTEMS INC

Armia Systems, Inc Internal Use Only

Armia Systems, Inc Internal Use Only

Armia Systems, Inc Internal Use Only

Armia Systems, Inc Internal Use Only

Armia Systems, Inc Internal Use Only

Armia Systems, Inc Internal Use Only

• cPanel is a commercial software and you

Armia Systems, Inc Internal Use Only

Armia Systems, Inc Internal Use Only

Armia Systems, Inc Internal Use Only

Armia Systems, Inc Internal Use Only

Armia Systems, Inc Internal Use Only

Armia Systems, Inc Internal Use Only

Armia Systems, Inc Internal Use Only

Armia Systems, Inc Internal Use Only

• Check System Requirements first

Armia Systems, Inc Internal Use Only

To install cPanel, run the following command:

cd /home && curl -o latest -L https://securedownloads.cpanel.net/latest && sh latest

Armia Systems, Inc Internal Use Only

•https://192.168.0.1:2087 — Access WHM over an encrypted connection

•https://example.com:2087 — Access over an encrypted connection with

Armia Systems, Inc Internal Use Only

To log in with your WHM account, perform the following steps:

• Enter your WHM username in the Username text box.

Armia Systems, Inc Internal Use Only

To access cPanel, enter one of the following URLs:

• https://192.168.0.1:2083 — Access cPanel over an encrypted

Armia Systems, Inc Internal Use Only

• Enter your cPanel username in the Username text box.

Armia Systems, Inc Internal Use Only

Armia Systems, Inc Internal Use Only

• File and Directory Restoration:

Armia Systems, Inc Internal Use Only

Armia Systems, Inc Internal Use Only

Armia Systems, Inc Internal Use Only

• MultiPHP INI Editor for cPanel

• MultiPHP Manager for cPanel

Armia Systems, Inc Internal Use Only

Armia Systems, Inc Internal Use Only

• Email Deliverability in cPanel:

• Email Disk Usage:

Armia Systems, Inc Internal Use Only

Armia Systems, Inc Internal Use Only

Armia Systems, Inc Internal Use Only

This file contains the error logs for Apache.

Armia Systems, Inc Internal Use Only

Armia Systems, Inc Internal Use Only

Armia Systems, Inc Internal Use Only

This file contains Exim’s severe error logs.

Armia Systems, Inc Internal Use Only

This directory contains the cPanel Backup Transporter’s log files.

This directory contains the EasyApache build log files.

This directory contains each account’s bandwidth usage logs.

Armia Systems, Inc Internal Use Only

This directory contains the account’s MySQL upgrade logs.