Utubaalee Nageenyaa: Haala qabatama Addunyaa fi

Gahee Poolisii

Workshop on The Pillars of Peace

Contemporary Global Peace and Role of Police in Current

Peace context of Ethiopia; Oromia Regional State

June 09/2013 E.C

Adama/Ethiopia
 What is peace?

Peace is a concept of societal friendship and harmony in

the absence of hostility and violence.
Pillars of Peace
 Pillars of Peace..
Economy /Development/(sound Business
environment and equitable distribution of
resource)
Well functioning Government (Democracy,
acceptance of the rights of others)
Attitude/social development/
Major Factors of peace challenge in The world

A. Economic and climate change (lack of

resources leading to political conflict).
B. Social and environmental trends
(Resource competition)
C. State fragility continues to be a key
source for internal conflicts, instability
and human suffering.
  
factors of peace challenge..
D. Racial, Ethnic, and Religious Hostilities

• Constructivist Explanations:
– Explanations that emphasize the role of leaders of
ethnic groups in rousing up hatred toward others
external to one’s group.
• Primordial Explanations:
– Explanations that emphasize the existence of
“ancient hatreds /hates/” rooted in deep
psychological or cultural differences between
ethnic groups, often involving a history of
grievance and victimization, real or imagined, by
the enemy group.
Contemporary world Peace settings

GLOBAL PEACE INDEX

2020
GLOBAL PEACE I NDEX
2020
The Global Peace Index Indicators

A measures of
ongoing
domestic and
B measures
of societal
safety
C measures
of
militarisati
on
international and
conflict security

Including: intensity of Including: Including:

organized internal number of military
conflicts, relations refugees and expenditure,
with neighbouring IDPs, impact of number of
countries and terrorism, armed service
number of deaths homicide and personnel,
from conflict incarceration ease of access
rates to small
weapons
 Iceland is the most peaceful country in the
world (Europe)
Azerbaijan and Armenia had the largest
improvement (Assia)

Russia and Eurasia had the largest

regional improvement

Europe remains the most peaceful region,

despite ongoing political instability and a
small deterioration in peacefulness

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 2020 highlights - continued

Afghanistan remains the world’s

least peaceful nation. It has now
been deteriorating for over a decade

Benin and Nicaragua had the largest deteriorations

South America and Central America had the

largest regional deteriorations

Middle East and North Africa

remains the least peaceful
region. However, it did improve
on deaths from terrorism and
internal conflict

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GLOBAL PEACE INDEX 2020
 10 most peaceful countries

ICELAND CANADA
1 Rank change: 6 Rank change:

2 NEW ZEALAND
Rank change:
7 SINGAPORE
Rank change:

3 PORTUGAL
Rank change:
8 CZECH REPUBLIC
Rank change: 1

AUSTRIA JAPAN
4 Rank change:
9 Rank change: 2

5 DENMARK
Rank change:
10 SWITZERLAND
Rank change:

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 10 least peaceful countries

AFGHANISTAN SOMALIA
163 Rank change: 158 Rank change: 3

SYRIA LIBYA
162 Rank change:
157 Rank change:

IRAQ CONGO, DRC

161 Rank change: 1
156 Rank change:

SOUTH SUDAN CENTRAL AFRICAN REPUBLIC

160 Rank change: 1 155 Rank change: 3

YEMEN
159 Rank change: 154 RUSSIA
Rank change:

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 Improvements and deteriorations, 2008-2020

81
countries
became
less Peace
peaceful declined
2.49%
79
countries Over the last
became decade
more
peaceful

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 Peace and
Ecological Threat
• Ecological threats and climate change pose
serious challenges to global peacefulness.
• Over the next 30 years lack of access to food and
water will only increase without urgent global
cooperation.
 Water-related risk by region
Water-related risks are highest in the Middle East and North Africa.

Low Low to Medium Medium to High High Extremely High

100%

90%
PER CENT OF CATCHMENTS

80%

70%

60%

50%

40%

30%

20%

10%

0%
Middle East South Asia sub-Saharan Central Asia-Pacific Europe Russia & North Amer- South Amer-
& North Africa America & Eurasia ica ica
Africa the Carib-
bean

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 What Countries Are in the MENA Region?

• Algeria, Bahrain, Djibouti, Egypt, Iran,

Iraq, Israel, Jordan, Kuwait, Lebanon,
Libya, Morocco, Oman, Qatar, Saudi
Arabia, Syria, Tunisia, the United Arab
Emirates, Palestine, and Yemen.
• Ethiopia, Sudan, Malta, Somalia,
Western Sahara, and Mauritania are also
sometimes included.
 Current Peace and Political setting of
Ethiopia and the role of Police
I. Peace building
• Ethiopia is increasingly described as a regional
power in the Horn of Africa, in consideration of
its military and diplomatic power and
demographic size.
• The country exercise exemplary leadership in this
regional setting(The Horn).
• Ethiopia’s increasing engagement in regional
peace and security issues further indicates that it
has the will to lead and influence the region.
 Current Peace and Political settings of Ethiopia…
• Ethiopia’s position and status in the region are
constrained by historical factors, the vulnerability of
neighbouring states, and Ethiopia’s weak economic
capacity.
• However, Ethiopia maintains a central position in the
region and plays an important role in regional peace and
security issues, serving for instance as a safeguard
against extremist groups in the region as a mediator and
as a peacekeeper.
• Ethiopia has also managed to drive regional agendas
through the existing regional and continental
organizations, namely the Intergovernmental Authority
of Development and the African Union.
 Current……
• In other; In Ethiopia past three years
government direction and action encourages
national unity, peaceful co-existence, shared
growth and regional integration and was bring
noticeable peace and order of the society.
• The democratic principles and strategy of
government inspired hope and renewed
collective sense of purpose in Ethiopia, Peace
with neighbouring Eritrea.
 Current…
• Current Political situation of Ethiopia breaking
the walls of division and building bridges of
reconciliation and peace with neighbour
country and also internally.
• The transformational agenda for legal and
justice sector reform has been set in motion.
II. Democracy
Regarding exercising democracy fundamental
principles Ethiopia currently:-
 Repeal of restrictive media and civil society laws,
Respecting diversity;
safeguarding rule of law; and
Get ready for democratic election which are
stepping stone for exercising real democracy and
building sustainable peace in the country.
 Current Eth….
III. Economy
• In last three years Ethiopia launching deeper
political and economic reforms that across the
country.
• In Ethiopia home-grown Economic Reform
Program aimed at unlocking the country's
development potentials designed to propel
Ethiopia into becoming the African icon of
prosperity by 2030.
 Economic reform..
• Trade and regional integration are given
special emphasis in the roadmap as
demonstrated in Ethiopia's signing and
subsequent ratification of the African
Continental Free Trade Area (AfCFTA).
• Ethiopia also restarted the WTO (world trade
organization) accession negotiations after eight
years of a pause. 
 Economy…
 In other; Africa’s largest Abay Renaissance dam powers
dreams of prosperity in Ethiopia.
 The renaissance Dam project so large and it promises to set
the country on a path to industrialization that could lift tens of
millions out of poverty.
 But this has angered Egypt and Sudan, without any rationality,
as a result of tradition and trends of resource competition.
 Because for we Ethiopian; building the dam is fundamental
right, one that could bring electricity to the more than half of
Ethiopians who don’t have access at home and it is ‘’Really
renaissance Dam’’.
 But Egyptians see their fate potentially falling into foreign
hands and belive Nile as a symbol of Egypt’s hegemony of
Geopolitics (dominating).
Abay Renaissance Dam..
Abay renaissance Dam
Current threats of peace in Ethiopia and
Oromia Region
 Political power seeking (through Non-Democratic
approach) .Example: ABO, TPLF
 Neighbour country competition over resources
 Example: Egypt, Sudan
 Ethnicity and region shielded political activity
 Local competition over resource. Example pastoral community
and e.t.c.
 Horn Of Africa regional Failed state may potential for terrorist
e.g. Somali
 Few World Countries has Interest toward renaissance Dam
seeking deterioration of Ethiopia Peace
 Economic problem and unemployment
Responsibilities of Police in contemporary prompt
developmental journey of the our country and regional state of
Oromia

a) Patriotism
b) Police Professional Competency
c) Obeying and enforcing fundamental principles
of democracy and role of police in democratic
election
d) Active Participation in the developmental
activity as citizen