Chemical Hazards

Hazardous Chemical

A material that has physical or chemical characteristic

of potential for causing harm
 Human injury,
 Damage to property,
 Damage to environment
 or some combination of these is known as hazardous
chemical
How Do We Get Information About Hazardous Chemicals

We can get information into two ways-

From the product level

 From the product material safety data sheet
 Some Examples of Hazardous Chemicals-
•Paints •Detergents
•Drugs •Gas cylinders
•Cosmetics •Refrigerant gases
•Cleaning chemicals •Pesticides
•Degreasers •Herbicides
•Diesel fuel •Flammable liquids
•Petrol •Gases
•Liquefied petroleum gas •Corrosives
•Welding fumes •Chemically reactive or
•Asbestos acutely (highly) toxic
substances.
Chemical Hazards

A Chemical Hazard is any substance that can cause harm,

primarily to people. Chemical of all kinds are stored in our
homes or workplace which can result in serious injuries if
not properly handle.
How Chemical Inter the Body

The methods in which chemicals enter the body are called

“routes of entry.”

There are four main “Routes of Entry”

Absorption
Ingestion
 Inhalation
Injection
 Absorption

The Chemical soaks through the

skin

To prevent absorption,
 Wear proper protective equipment:
Chemical gloves
Aprons
Coveralls
 Ingestion

 Can occur when hazardous chemicals

are eaten or swallowed.

To avoid ingesting hazardous

chemical
Never eat or drink chemical
apply make-up
 Always wash hands after handling
chemicals 
Inhalation

Breathing in the chemical

To prevent inhaling
hazardous chemicals

must select and use

proper respiratory
protection
 Use face mask
 Injection

When a sharp object punctures the skin and inject

chemical directly into the bloodstream
Types of chemical
Hazards
Based on  Naturally Occurring
occurrence Ex. Mycotoxin,
Pyrrolizidine
Alkaloides

Intentionally Added
Chemical Hazards Ex. Preservatives:
Nitrite and Sulfating
agents

Unintentionally Or
Incidentally Added
Ex. Pesticides, Lead,
Arsenic, Mercury
Types of chemical
Hazards
Based on impact

Physical
Chemical Hazard
Hazard Health
Hazard
Classification of physical
Hazards

Explosives
Flammable Gases
Flammable Aerosols
Oxidizing Gases
Gases Under Pressure
Flammable Liquids
Flammable Solids
Self-Reactive
Substances
Pyrophoric Liquids
Pyrophoric Solids
Self-Heating
Substances
Substances which, in contact with water emit
flammable gases
Oxidizing Liquids
Oxidizing Solids
Organic Peroxides
Corrosive to Metals
Classification of Health
Hazards
Acute Toxicity
Skin Corrosion/Irritation
Serious Eye Damage/Eye
Irritation
Respiratory or Skin Sensitization
Germ Cell Mutagenicity
Carcinogenicity
Reproductive Toxicology
Target Organ Systemic Toxicity -
Single Exposure
Target Organ Systemic Toxicity -
Repeated Exposure
Aspiration Toxicity
Possible Causes of Arising Chemical Hazards

Chemical disasters may arise in number of ways, such as:-

Process and safety systems failures

 Human errors
 Technical errors
 Management errors
Hazardous waste processing/
disposal

Terrorist attack/ unrest leading

to sabotage
 Induced effect of natural
calamities

Accidents during the

transportation