Interaction of Pantograph

with OHE on high speed

Peeyoosh Gupta Debabrata Dey

Sr. Prof/TRD/IRIEEN IRSEE-P 2019
Specifications:
EN 50318 Railway Application- Current Collection system-Validation of
simulation of the dynamic interaction between pantograph and
overhead line

EN 50367 Railway applications- CCS- Technical criterion for the

interaction between pantographs and overhead line

EN 50119 Railway application- Fixed installations- Electric traction

overhead contact lines

EN 50317 Railway application- CCS- Requirement for and validation of

measurements of the dynamic interaction between
pantograph overhead contact line

TSI Technical specification for interoperability relating to the

energy subsystem of the trans European high speed rail system
Terminology of specifications

 Contact force
 Travelling waves and associated terms
 Elasticity
 Types of Catenary- Simple, Stitched and Compund
 Modelling of Pantograph and Catenary
 Static and dynamic performance
 Challenges: deep-dive

Pantograph - OHE
INTERACTION

2
IRO3H or similar models :
This type of pantograph is used in High speed service ie up to 200KMPH.

Panto Pan a With

Carbon strip

Upper articulation
Top Mounting

Steady Tube

Steady link
Plunger Box Damper
Spring Assembly
Catcher
Push Rod
Middle Articulation
Spring Catcher
Assembly
Main Springs Lower Arm Assembly
Resting Pad
Lower Articulation
Assembly
Reflection coefficient
Doppler effects
Amplification coefficient
 Need for optimizing ( EN50119)

Span Length

Tension

Mass
RDSO letter no. TI/PSI/TSS/Policy/2019 dtd 24.12.2019
 DESIGN REQUIREMENTS
FOR RUNNING TRAINS UP TO SPEED OF 160 KMPH
Contact ContactWi Tensile Breaking Max. Factor Max safe Condemn Condem Area of Breaking Factor of
Wire re Strengt Load Adopted of working load ed ning area Contact load at Safety at
Area Diameter h (Calculations Tension Safety (Fs=2.3) as Diameter Wire at Conde Condemni
(original) ) for per rdso drg Condemn- mning ng
New ETI/OHE/G/56 ing Diameer Diameter
Contact 00 Diameter 2.3-
Wire

Sq.m mm kg/m2 kgf kgf Kgf mm mm2 mm2 kgf Fs

m
A D TS Bl=Ts* At Fs= Bl/2.3 Cd Ca Acd = Bcd= Fscd=
A Bl/ A-Ca Acd*Ts Bcd/At
At
107 12.24 36.5 3906 1000 3.91 1708 8.25 33 74.0 2701 2.70
+ 0.16 (0.7D)
107 12.24 36.5 3906 1100 3.55 1708 8.25 33 74.0 2701 2.45
+ 0.16 (0.7D)
107 12.24 36.5 3906 1200 3..25 1708 8.25 33 74.0 2701 2.25
+ 0.16 (0.7D)
8.42

Breaking Load= Tensile strength*Area, FOS= BL/Adopted Tension 11

AM-12 or similar models :
This type of pantograph is used in Low speed.

V
DPT

PUSH ROD
 Technical Parameters

Sl.no Description Parameters (AM-12)

1   i) Nominal -- 25 KV, 50Hz.
  Operating Voltage ii) Max. (Cont.) -- 27.5 KV.
iii) Short time Max. -- 30KV for 10 sec
2 Rated current 400 Amps. a.c
3 Working Range 0.25 meters to 2.0 meters
(for satisfactory current collection)
4 Weight 235 kg Apporx.
(without foot insulators)
5 Static up-thrust 7±0.4 kgf
6   Height (new) : 24 ± 1 mm
Metalised carbon strip Condemn limit 3.5 mm above the edge of the
sheath
Width : 33 ± 0.6 mm
7 Compressed air supply 5.5 kg/cm2 to 11 kg/cm2 . Panto starts
lowering if air pressure drops below 3.5 kg/
cm2
8 Panto raising time 6 to 10 sec
9 Panto lowering time ≤10 sec
Check for Static balancing of Pantograph
Static balancing is done as per SMI-64 ,By Placing 7 Kg wt. Less static force will cause more vibrations

7kg weight and

adjustment at 1.5 D
mts
C
Lifted Panto at about 5 mm
from Rubber stop Regulating Screw

Regulating Screw

F
E
Simple catenary
25 mm DROP
BRACKET
ASSEMBLY 17
18
Variation in Elasticity due to static force:
Linear and Rotational forces acting on a Locomotive on run
 G-JUMPER
FOR
CONTINUITY
OF BOTH
TENSION
LENGTH
PANTOGRAPH OF LOCO IN OVERLAP
 Factors affecting Contact Force Fluctuations
There is no uniform dynamic forces. Pantograph hence has to show good characterisitc
in a certain range.
Uplift force- Dynamic condition
Apparent Mass M=F/f
Measurements of forces:
How to reduce oscillations?
 D

Ans- Achieve uniform vertical uplift of Contact wire-uniform CF

 Y

Common forms of catenary system

Stitched catenary
Comparison -Different types of Catenary system
Uplift
Mid
S Span S

Compound
Simple

Stitched

Distance

S- Support
 Y

Common forms of catenary system

Proposed Changes: OHE side for better current collection

Gradient 2mm/M and Relative gradient 1mm/M

0.8mm/M

 Change of presag to be done from 100mm (1.4mm/m) to

50mm (0.8mm/m).
 Reduction of Gradient to be done from 3mm/m to
2mm/m(0.2%) & Relative gradient from 1.5mm/m to 1mm/m.
 Difference in span 18m to 15m
 Steady arm holding contact wire should be freely moving
vertically
IRO3H or similar models :
This type of pantograph is used in High speed service ie up to 200KMPH.

Panto Pan a With

Carbon strip

Upper articulation
Top Mounting

Steady Tube

Steady link
Plunger Box Damper
Spring Assembly
Catcher
Push Rod
Middle Articulation
Spring Catcher
Assembly
Main Springs Lower Arm Assembly
Resting Pad
Lower Articulation
Assembly
 Technical Parameters

Sl.no Description Parameters (IRO3H or Similar)

1   i) Nominal -- 25 KV, 50Hz.
  Operating Voltage ii) Max. (Cont.) -- 27.5 KV.
iii) Short time Max. -- 30KV for 10 sec
2 Rated current 400 Amps. a.c
3 Working Range 0.1 meters to 2.1 meters
(for satisfactory current collection)
4 Weight 250 kg Apporx.
(without foot insulators)
5 Static up-thrust 7±0.4 kgf
6   Height (new) : 24 ± 1 mm
Metalised carbon strip Condemn limit 3.5 mm above the edge of the
sheath
Width : 33 ± 0.6 mm
7 Compressed air supply 5.5 kg/cm2 to 11 kg/cm2 . Panto starts
lowering if air pressure drops below 3.5 kg/
cm2
8 Panto raising time 6 to 8 sec
9 Panto lowering time ≤8 sec
WBL 85 HR model :
This type of pantograph is used for trains for speed service with 160KMPH. This panto has self
feature of Auto drop to avoid damages to OHE & Over reach Detector to avoid Panto entanglement in case of
unwired section

Diagonal Rod Lower Frame

Upper Frame
Panto Pan a With Over
Carbon strip reach
detector Coupling
rod
Bellow Drive

Pneumatic control
with ADD
Insulating Hose

Damper Assembly

Pneumatic control
with ADD
 Technical Parameters
Sl.no Description Parameters (IRO3H or Similar)
1   i) Nominal -- 25 KV, 50Hz.
  Operating Voltage ii) Max. (Cont.) -- 27.5 KV.
iii) Short time Max. -- 30KV for 10 sec
2 Rated current 400 Amps. a.c
3 Working Range Min working over resting position
100 mm
4 Weight 160 kg Apporx.
(without foot insulators)
5 Static up-thrust 6.9 kgf
6   Height (new) : 38 to 40 mm
Metalised carbon strip Condemn limit 26.0 mm along with socket
bottom
7 Compressed air supply 5.5 kg/cm2 to 11 kg/cm2 . Panto starts
lowering if air pressure drops below 3.5 kg/
cm2
8 Panto raising time ≤15 sec
9 Panto lowering time ≤15 sec
● Gostling, RJ, Hobbs, A. The interaction of pantograph and overhead
equipment: practical applications of a new theoretical method. Proc Inst Mech
Eng Part C J Mech Eng Sci 1983; 197: 61–69
Aerodynamic force acting on Pantograph
Component of forces due to wind
1 and 2 are Airflow regulating fins on Pantograph
Air baffles/Aerofoils
 Conventional pantograph are having passive components

 Modern pantograph is having equipment to actively control the contact

forces

 The force and acceleration sensors are integrated in the collector strip

brackets.

 Exhibit the similar performance in both direction i.e. knee/knuckle

facing or pointing away.

Force supplied by control system
Three mass model of Pantograph
Modeling the contact line by FEM

Contact lines subdivided into individual elements

Linked by coupling mechanisms

2000 differential equations for a tension length

FEM CW
 Simulation tools for PANTO-OHE Interaction
EN50318-Requrement for validation
(1) DB – DB Systemtechnik GmbH (PrOSA)
(2) IST – Instituto Superior Tecnico Lisboa (PantoCat)
(3) KRRI – Korea Railroad Research Institute (SPOPS)
(4) KTH – Royal Institute of Technology (CaPaSIM)
(5) POLIMI – Politecnico di Milano (PCaDA)
(6) RTRI – Railway Technical Research Institute (Gasen-do FEM)
(7) SNCF – Societé Nationale des Chemins de Fer (OSCAR)
(8) SWJTU – Southwest Jiaotong University (PCRUN)
(9) UPCo – Universidad Pontificia Comillas de Madrid (CANDY)
(10)UPV/TALGO – Universitat Politècnica de València & TALGO S.L.
(PACDIN)
Main content of EN 50318

-Modelling of pantograph

-Modelling of overhead contact lines

-Simulation parameters

-Output

-Validation with measurement

-Comparison with simulation

OSCAR
Multiple pantograph and contact force
IR data for 3 pantograph (15.5m apart) in raised condition with 100kmph

SPAN, m Push ups, mm Oscillations,mm

72 260 120
67.5 235 108
63 210 98
58.5 190 88
54 170 80
49.5 150 74
45 130 67
40.5 115 60
36 100 56
31.5 87 52
27 76 50
Register arm axis and contact wire plane-300mm

300
Factors affecting Pantograph-Catenary Dynamics.

 Span Length of OHE.

 Tension in Catenary and Contact wire- for high speed increase in tension.
 Elasticity of OHE.
 Gradient of Contact wire.
 Distance between Droppers ( Shortening hanger span length )
 Pre sag in Contact wire.
 Aerodynamics Force on Pantograph.
 Push up and Oscillations of OHE due to Loco.
 Track Irregularity.

57
Methods of improvement of Contact Force Fluctuations

 Increasing the wave propagation velocity of contact wire.

 Decreasing the density of contact wire.
 Reducing the variability of catenary elasticity.
 Reducing the wave reflection of contact wire
(by use of droppers with Spring /Damper Mechanism )
 Increasing the tension of catenary.
 Shortening the span length.

58
THANKS
Output measurement of contact force:

-mean value
-Maximum value
-Minimum value
-Standard deviation
-Histogram of contact force
∆F0
∆F1′
 XL_DS
 Change in dropper schedule
 TERMINATION
ANTICREEP WIRE OF REGULATED
(19/2.5 G.S) 93sq.mm OHE
IN SPAN
TERMINATION JUMPER(AC)
OF REGULATED (19/1.8) AXIS OF REGULATING
OHE MAST EQUIPMENT
CATENARY GUY GUY
WIRE CdCu
PULLEY BLOCK
ROD ROD
65sqmm (19/2.1) TYPE

GUY GUY
ROD CONTACT WIRE ROD
107 sqmm
350 Mtrs. ( MAX)

COUNTER WEIGHT

DIRECTION OF TRAFFIC
(RDSO Drg. No. ETI/OHE/G/02101)

SCHEMATIC ARRANGEMENT OF REGULATED OVER HEAD EQUIPMENT

64