Definition

 Rotavirus is a very dangerous virus that causes

mainly diarrhea.
 It's the foremost common cause of diarrhea in
infants and children around the world
 Coming about in over 215,000 deaths yearly
 It can be prevented by a vaccine
 Disease caused by rotavirus

 Acute gastroenteritis is the disease caused by

the rotavirus most common cause of
hospitalization and mortality in children due to
severe diarrhea and dehydration that results
from infection
 The pathogenesis

 A secretory component of rotavirus diarrhea

appears to result from stimulation of the ENS.

 The mode of activation of the ENS is not clear,

but it may be through secreted NSP4 or the
chemokines and other factors released from
infected epithelial cells
 It alters the function of the small intestinal
epithelium, resulting in diarrhea.
The pathogenesis

 The diarrhea was generally considered to be

malabsorptive, secondary to enterocyte destruction

 In addition to enterocyte destruction, absorption of

Na+, water, and mucosal disaccharidases are
decreased , while mucosal cyclic AMP appears not to
be altered Malabsorption results in the transit of
undigested mono- and disaccharides, carbohydrates,
fats, and proteins into the colon.
The pathogenesis

 A secretory component of rotavirus diarrhea

appears to result from stimulation of the ENS. The
mode of activation of the ENS is not clear, but it
may be through secreted NSP4 or the chemokines
and other factors released from infected epithelial
cells
 The pathogenesis

 NSP4 is also antigenic and plays a role as an

enterotoxin that is capable of causing diarrhea.
Rotaviruses are categorized into different genotypes
according to the particular NSP4 proteins expressed

 There is a malabsorptive component of the diarrhea

that seems related to primary damage to intestinal
epithelium by virus infection and the action of a
secreted viral enterotoxin (NSP4)
Diagnoses
References

 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4279035/
 https://jvi.asm.org/content/78/19/10213#:~:text=The%20pathophysiology
%20of%20rotavirus%20diarrhea,secreted%20viral%20enterotoxin%20(NSP4)