Outline of the Presentation

• Endorsement for Final Defense

• List of Recommended Revisions
• Objectives of the Study
• Materials and Methods
• Results and Discussions
• Conclusions
• Appendices
Endorsement for Final Defense
• Present the scanned copy of the duly signed Endorsement for Final
Defense
List of Recommended Revisions
• Present the duly signed Recommended Revisions from your
Outline Defense
• Scan the file and present the revisions and actions taken
• Present also the signatures
Objectives of the Study
• This study intends to investigate the effectiveness of Lemongrass
ash in reducing the swelling potential and improving strength
properties of expansive soils.
Material Sourcing
Source of Soil Sample

4m
Material Sourcing
Source of Lemongrass ash
Methods
• Conceptual Framework

INPUT PROCESS OUTPUT

Expansive soil with -Atterberg Limits Stabilized
varying -Standard Compaction soil
percentages Test using
Of Lemongrass ash, -Unconfined Compression Lemongrass
5%,10%,15% Test ash
Methods
EXPANSIVE SOIL CLASSIFICATION
NSCP SECTION 303.5

MORE THAN
PLASTICITY
LIQUID LIMIT 10% OF SOIL
INDEX
GREATER PARTICLES
GREATER OR
THAN 50 PASSES NO.
EQUAL TO 15
200 SIEVE

ASTM D4318 ASTM D4318 ASTM D422

Methods
ASTM D4609 CRITERIA
CRITERIA TO CONSIDER ADMIXTURE AS EFFECTIVE

PARAMETER REQUIREMENTS
Liquid Limit (ASTM D4318) A decrease in the LL
Plasticity Index (ASTM D4318) A decrease in the PI
Maximum Dry Density (ASTM D698) Increase of 80 kg/cu.m.
Optimum Moisture Content (ASTM D698) Decrease of 15%
Unconfined Compressive Strength (ASTM D2166) Increase of 345 KPa
Results and Discussions
Summary of results for Soil Classification

SOIL PROPERTY NSCP CRITERIA RESULT REMARKS

Liquid Limit, LL (%) >50% 51% PASSED
Plasticity Index, PI (%) ≥ 15% 29% PASSED
Percentage of Soil Particles
≥ 10≥% 79.43% PASSED
Passing No. 200 Sieve (%)
USCS Classification CH (FAT CLAY)

As per NSCP Section 303.5, the soil was classified as EXPANSIVE

Results and Discussions
Scanning Electron Microscope Results of Lemongrass ash

• Exhibits the presence of INTRAGRANULAR VOIDS

• Randomly arranged particles indicating the

LACK OF COHESIVE PROPERTY
 Results and Discussions
RESULT OF TEST IN ACCORDANCE TO ASTM D4318

SOIL PROPERTY RESULT REMARKS Lemongrass ash Liquid Limit Plasticity Index
LL does not decrease FAIL content (%) LL (%) PI (%)
Liquid Limit ❌
as Lemongrass ash 0 51 29
increases 5 40 21
10 45 8
PI does not decrease FAI
Plasticity Index ❌ 15 44 16
as Lemongrass ash L
increases

• The values obtained in the results can be attributed……

Results and Discussions
RESULT OF TEST IN ACCORDANCE TO ASTM D698
Lemongrass Maximum Dry Optimum Moisture
SOIL PROPERTY RESULT REMARKS Ash content Density (MDD Content (OMC)
Decrease in MDD (%) Kg/cu.m. %
Maximum Dry ❌ FAIL
Density as Lemongrass ash 0 1509 23.8
increases
5 1468 24.5
Optimum Moisture Increase in OMC ❌ FAIL 10 1433 30.8
Content As Lemongrass ash
increases 15 1355 28.2

• The decrease in MDD can be attributed to the additional voids from the Lemongrass ash.
• The increase in OMC can be attributed to the increased porosity of the soil mixture.
 Results and Discussions
RESULT OF TEST IN ACCORDANCE TO ASTM D2166

SOIL PROPERTY RESULT REMARKS Lemongrass ash S1 S2 S3

Content (%)
Unconfined Compressive Increase of
✔ PASS 0 501.01 611.61 259.79
Strength 664.98 kPa at
5% design 5 1165.99 767.51 815.5
mix 10 902.9 753.55 864.67
15 752.86 504.63 395.97

• The increase in UCS at 5% design mix can be attributed to the formation of cementitious compounds.

• The decrease in the UCS values after addition of 10% Lemongrass ash can be attributed due to excess ash
therefore, forming weak bonds.
STATISTICAL ANALYSIS
To test if there is a significant difference in the results of the Unconfined Compression Test,
the Kruskal-Wallis H test is used in the study.

Alpha level is at 0.05

Result of the Statistical Analysis

H value = 8.436
Critical value= 7.815

• H value>Critical value, this means that there is a significant difference

between the 4 design mixtures.
Conclusion

SOIL PROPERTY REQUIREMENT RESULT EVALUATION REMARKS

Liquid Limit Decrease in LL No Decrease in LL ❌ Atterberg Limits
Plasticity Index Decrease in PI No Decrease in PI ❌ did not improve
Maximum Dry Density Increase of 80 kg/m3 Decrease of 154 kg/m3 ❌ Compaction characteristics
Optimum Moisture Content Decrease of 15% Increase of 18.49% ❌ did not improve
Unconfined Compressive Increase of 345 KPa Increase of 664.98 KPa UCS improved
✔
Strength
Recommendation
• Further studies on Expansive Soil Mixed with Lemongrass ash with a cementitious material such as
Self-cementing flyash or Cement Kiln Dust.
Appendix A
Trade-Off Analysis
Appendix B
Statistical Analysis and Calculations
Appendix C
Detailed Drawings

Other necessary details …