LIGHT REACTION

AND CALVIN
CYCLE
 OBJECTIVES
DISTINGUISH BETWEEN THE TWO PARTS
OF PHOTOSYNTHESIS
 WHAT IS
PHOTOSYNTHESIS?
-Photosynthesis is a process used by
plants and other organism to convert
light energy into chemical energy
that,throught cellular respiration,can
later be released to fuels the organism's
activities
-It takes place in two sequential stage:
The light-dependent reactions and
\

light-indepent reactions
THE TWO PARTS OF
PHOTOSYNTHESIS
 LIGHT-DEPENDENT REACTIONS
OF PHOTOSYNTHESIS
-In light-dependent reactions,the energy from
sunlight is absorbed by chlorophyll and converted
into chemical energy in the form of electron carrier
molecules like ATP AND NADPH.
-Light energy is harnessed in Photosystems I
and II, both of which are present in the
thylakoid membranes of chloroplast
 What is ATP?
• Adenosine Triphosphate (ATP) is an
organic compound that provides energy
to drive many processes in living
cells,such as muscle contraction,nerve
impulses propagation, condensate
dissolution,and chemical synthesis
 What is
NADPH?
• Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide
phosphate,abbreviated NADP+ or, in older
notation,TPN (triphospopyridine nucleotide), is a
cofactor used in anabolic reactions, such as the
Calving Cycle and lipid and nucleic acid
syntheses,which require NADPH as a reducing
agent ('hydrogen source')
LIGHT-DEPENDENT
REACTIONS
 PHOTOSY
• STEM
The process that convert
light energy into chemical
energy takes place in a
multi-protein called a
photosystem
 WHAT IS
• PHOTOSYSTEM?
Photosystems are the functional units for
photosynthesis,defined by a particular
pigment organization and association
patterns,whose work is the absorption and
transfer of light energy,which implies
transfer of
electrons.Physically,photosystems are
 PHOTOSYSTEMS I
• In photosystem II, the electron comes from
AND IIreleases oxygen
the splitting of water,which
as a waste of product.
• In photosystem I,the electrons comes from
the chloroplast electron transport chain.
• The two photosystems oxidize different
sources of the low energy electron
supply,deliver their energized electrons to
different places,and respond to different
PHOTOSYS
TEM I
PHOTOSYS
TEM II
THE CALVIN CYCLE
In light-independent
reactions (the calvin
cycle),carbohydrate
molecules are assembled
from carbon dioxide using
the chemical energy
harvested during the light-
dependent reactions
CALVIN CYCLE
• THE CALVIN CYCLE TAKES
PLACE IN THREE KEY
STEPS
In fixation, the first stage of calvin cycle, light-independent
reactions are initiated; CO2 is fixed from an inorganic to
organic molecule
• In the second stage, ATP and NADPH are
used to reduce 3-PGA into 3GP;then ATP and
NADPH are converted to ADP and
NADP+,respectively
• In the last stage of the calvin
cycle,ruBP is regenerated,which
enables the system to prepare for
more CO2 to be fixed
THANK
YOU!!!
 REFERENCES
https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photosynthesis?
fbclid=IwAR3M8SJfayJJHmlO8xeIMUu_7wXC
VXJ4tpQ7VJrozJA3Y51kZwGpv8bxnjo
https://bio.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Microbiology/Book
%3A_Microbiology_(Boundless)/5%3A_Microbial_Metabolism/
5.12%3A_Biosynthesis/5.12C%3A_The_Calvin_Cycle?
fbclid=IwAR0ISJjXDoC78patmepAyjkQ7zx2dgiGFwirlBW51GAAu8_HYpz
GzzTsT0Uhttps://bio.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Microbiology/Book
%3A_Microbiology_(Boundless)/5%3A_Microbial_Metabolism/
https://bio.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Microbiology/Book%3A_Microbiology_
5.12%3A_Biosynthesis/5.12C%3A_The_Calvin_Cycle?
%28Boundless%29/5%3A_Microbial_Metabolism/5.11%3A_Phototrophy/5.11C
fbclid=IwAR0ISJjXDoC78patmepAyjkQ7zx2dgiGFwirlBW51GAAu8_HYpz
%3A_The_Two_Parts_of_Photosynthesis?fbclid=IwAR2-
GzzTsT0U
dLp1Vu1hL5lvsbRqaOLueFhFacIfQG3kIf0pnqcU4WarQk6i1M5Zq4k
 GROUP 5
LEADER:
MERCADO,BEATRIZ
FLORICAR L
MEMBERS:
QUIJANO,MICAELA JOY C.
LEGARDA,LENNIE ANNE S.
UNTALAN,ANGELICA O.
CLEMENTE,JACK A.