TRANSITIVE VERBS

 A transitive verb is a verb that is followed by an object.

 Ex. Mr. Lee mails the letter.

INTRANSITIVE VERBS
 An Intransitive verbs is a verb that is not followed by an
object.
 Ex. Mr. Lee stayed in a hotel.

TABLE OF ENGLISH TENSES IN

PASSIVE VOICE
1. Mr. Darwin has offered Jimmy a job at
the gas station.
2. The principal cancels the morning
briefing
3. Alexander Graham bell invented the
telephone.

Put these sentences into passive

 Different from an active sentence, in active sentence
the subject performs the action, while the passive
sentence, the subject receives the action
 STEPS IN CHANGING ACTIVE SENTENCE
BECOMES PASSIVE SENTENCE.
 1.The object in active sentence becomes
the subject in passive sentence.
 2.Use the appropriate tobe
(is,am,are,was,were,be,been,being)
 3.Use the past participle ( V3 )
 PASSIVE VOICE
Active: S+V+O

Passive: S + Be + PP(V3ed) + by + O
(tense)
EX: My father planted this tree last year.
This tree was planted by my father
last year.
TABLE OF ENGLISH TENSES IN
PASSIVE VOICE
The Simple Present Tense
Active: S + V(s/es) + O

Passive: S + am/is/are + PP + by + O
EX: He reads books every day.
Books are read (by him) every day.
TABLE OF ENGLISH TENSES IN
PASSIVE VOICE
The Present Continuous Tense
Active: S + am/is/are + V-ing + O

Passive: S + am/is/are + being +PP + by + O

EX: He is writing a novel at the
moment.
A novel is being written (by him) at
the moment.
TABLE OF ENGLISH TENSES IN
PASSIVE VOICE
The Present Perfect Tense
Active: S + Has/Have + V3ed + O

Passive: S + has/have + been +PP + by + O

EX: He has finished a novel.
A novel has been finished (by
him).
TABLE OF ENGLISH TENSES IN
PASSIVE VOICE
The Simple Past Tense
Active: S + V2ed + O

Passive: S + was/were + PP + by + O
EX: He gave Tom a book.
A book was given to Tom (by him).
Tom was given a book (by him).
TABLE OF ENGLISH TENSES IN
PASSIVE VOICE
The Past Continuous Tense
Active: S + was/were + V-ing + O

Passive: S + was/were + being + PP + by + O

EX: He was writing a letter at 8.00
yesterday.
A letter was being written (by him).
TABLE OF ENGLISH TENSES IN
PASSIVE VOICE
The Past Perfect Tense
Active: S + had + V3ed + O

Passive: S + had + been + PP + by + O

EX: He had finished his homework before
8.00 yesterday.
His homework had been finished (by
him) before 8.00 yesterday.
TABLE OF ENGLISH TENSES IN
PASSIVE VOICE
The Simple Future Tense
Active: S + will/shall + V + O

Passive: S + will/shall + be + PP + by + O
EX: He will finish the homework.
The homework will be finished.
TABLE OF ENGLISH TENSES IN
PASSIVE VOICE
The Future Continuous Tense
Active: S + will/shall + be + V-ing + O

Passive: S + will/shall + be + being + PP + by + O

EX: Tom will be cooking lunch at 10.00
tomorrow.
Lunch will be being cooked by
Tom at 10.00 tomorrow.
TABLE OF ENGLISH TENSES IN
PASSIVE VOICE
The Future Perfect Tense
Active: S + will/shall + have + V3ed + O

Passive: S + will/shall + have + been + PP + by + O

EX: By the end of next week, he will have
written 10 letters to her.
By the end of next week, 10 letters
will have been written to her.
 MODAL VERBS (MV) IN
PASSIVE VOICE
Modal Verbs can be used in either the present
or past forms.
Active: S + MV (not) + V + O

Passive: S + MV (not) + Be + PP + by + O
EX: We can’t solve this problem.
This problem can’t be solved.
Change these sentences into
passive voice
 1. No one has ever hypnotized me .
 2. people don’t spell “ writing “ with two “ t’s”.
 3. The Police has closed the event after a fatal accident happened
 4. People have to place stamps in the upper right-hand corner of an
envelope
 5. Did someone build the Panama Canal in the twentieth century?
 6. Nobody has promised me the latest information of Ernest
Hemingway.
 7. Sometime my inability to understand spoken English frustrates
me.
 8. Someone filmed many of the Tarzan Movies in the rain forest in
Puerto Rico.
 9. We can’t use our classroom today because the janitors are
painting it.
 10. We couldn’t use the language lab yesterday because someone
was fixing the equipment.
Active: S + Has/Have + O1 + V (BI)+ O2
S + Get + O1 + V (to-infinitive) + O2

Passive: S + Has/Have/Get + O2 + PP
EX: My father had Tom wash his car.
My father had his car washed by Tom

PASSIVE VOICE WITH

CAUSATIVE FORM
 OTHER INFINITIVE
COMBINATIONS IN PASSIVE
VOICE
Verbs of liking/loving/wanting/wishing + Object +
infinitive form their passive with the passive
infinitive.
Active: S + V + O1 + to-infinitive + O2

Passive: S + V + O + To Be + PP
EX: He wants someone to take photographs.
He wants photographs to be taken.
Such verbs as “have/let/make/hear/see/watch/feel/
observe” are used in the following passive structure:
Active: S + V + O + V (BI)
Passive: S + To Be + PP + to-Infinitive
EX: The gravity makes things drop down.
Things are made to drop down by the gravity.
Note: The verb following “let” does not bear “to” in the
passive sentence.
 OTHER INFINITIVE
COMBINATIONS IN PASSIVE
VOICE
With advise/beg/order/recommend/urge + Indirect
Object + Infinitive + Object, we have two ways of
making the passive voice.
<1>Active: S + V + O1 + to-infinitive + O2

Passive: S + To Be + PP + to-infinitive + O2
EX: He urged the Council to reduce the tax.
The Council was urged to reduce the tax.
 OTHER INFINITIVE
COMBINATIONS IN PASSIVE
VOICE
With advise/beg/order/recommend/urge + Indirect
Object + infinitive + Object, we have two ways of
making the passive voice.
<2>Active: S + V + O1 + to-infinitive + O2

Passive: S1 + V + that + S2 + should be + PP

EX: He urged the Council to reduce the tax.
He urged that the tax should be reduced.
 OTHER INFINITIVE
COMBINATIONS AFTER THE
PASSIVE VERB

After acknowledge/assume/believe/claim/
consider /estimate/feel/find/know/report/
say/think /understand …, we use the infinitive
construction.
Simple Infinitive: if the time in the infinitive
passive is the same as that of the main active
verb.
<1>Active: S1 + V1 + that + S2 + V2 + (O)

Passive: It + To Be + PP + that + S2 + V2 +
(O)
EX: People said that he was jealous of her.
It was said that he was jealous of her.
<2>Active: S1 + V1 + that + S2 + V2 + (O)

Passive: S+ To Be + PP + to + V+ (O)
EX: People said that he was jealous of her.
He was said to be jealous of her.
Perfect Infinitive:if the time in the infinitive
passive is earlier than that of the main active
verb.
<1>Active: S1 + V1 + that + S2 + V2 + (O)

Passive: It + To Be + PP + that + S2 + V2 +
(O)
EX: People say that he was jealous of her.
It is said that he was jealous of her.
<2>Active: S1 + V1 + that + S2 + V2 + (O)

Passive: S+ To Be + PP + to have + PP + (O)

EX: People say that he was jealous of her.
He is said to have been jealous of her.
 OTHER GERUND
COMBINATIONS IN PASSIVE
VOICE
With advise/insist/propose/recommend
/suggest + Gerund + Object
Active: S + V + V-ing + O

Passive: S + V + that + S + should be + PP

EX: He recommended using bullet-proof glass.
He recommended that bullet-proof glass should
be used.
 OTHER GERUND
COMBINATIONS IN PASSIVE
VOICE
Active: S + V + O + V-ing

Passive: S + V + Being + PP + by + O
EX: I remembered my father taking me to the zoo.
I remember being taken to the zoo by my father.
 Active: S + V + To-inf + O

Passive: S + V + To Be + PP + by + O
EX: She started to learn English 5 years ago.
English started to be learnt 5 years ago.
Active: S + V + V-ing + O

Passive: S + V + Being + PP + by + O
EX: She started learning English 5 years ago.
English started being learnt 5 years ago.
Change these sentences into
passive voice
 1. Legislative members were sleeping when the president delivered national speech.
 2. The old building looked so grand. The local government had renovated it.
 3. To end the tangled migrant worker affair, Indonesian government will send a special
messenger to Malaysia.
 4. After my job contract is out of term, I will pursue scholarship for higher education.
 5. When I arrived at the Minang International Airport (MIA) yesterday, my cousin and a
couple of her close friends met me and my girl friend.
 6. The coast of a small nation had not suspected off the present of oil in the Caribbean.
 7. To remind us with the seminar day, I will attach a large poster close to the window.
 8. All the supervisors of Nikko Hotel looked into the current matter carefully.

 9. The official was bringing forward the up to date schedule.

 10. My mother gives my beloved brother and me a hug and a kiss every morning
 1What is she waiting for? Her boy friend had asked her to marry since two
years ago.
 2. My father in-law’s office had ordered a new software following a virus
attack on our digital administration system last week.
 3. To celebrate the silver wedding anniversary, the harmonious couple will
invite all the guests to dance in the amazing party.
 4.The parents had sent strong protest to a National Private Television due
to violence materials on their programs.
 5. Last first week of this month, our favorite lecturer asked the students
to submit our final project on time.
 6. Mr. Syah Jahan has built this beautiful building for his beloved cute wife
 7. In order to improve her bad image, the former dangdut singer will sign
a contract to do public service in a remote area.
 8. The Sari Pan Pacific’s chefs were baking some special secret recipes
when the VIP guests came to the executive lounge of the Hotel.
 9. To end the tangled migrant worker affair, Saudi Arabian Republic will
create a special forum with its neighbor country.
 10. Over 100.000 people attended the big match of soccer game. At the
soccer game yesterday, Luis Figo kicked the winning goal.

Change these sentences

into passive voice