Rise of Strong

Monarchy
MERCANTILISM
 An economic theory which called for the government
to control the economy of a country.
 It emphasized the significance of gold and silver.
Bullionism

 Belief that economic

health of a nation is
measured by the amount
of precious metals (gold
and silver) it posses
Period

 Roughly from the 1600-1800

 The Term “Mercantilism” was coined by
Maquis de Mirabeau (a physiocrat)
 It is a system closely associated with the rise
of nations and the concept of Nationalism
 It was a system prevalent in:
 France
 Spain
 England
 Holland
Colonies

 Are important because:

 provide raw materials
 are forbidden from purchasing
manufactured goods unless they come
from the “mother” country
 can provide workers
 Rise of Nations

• A nation-state is a country:
–Have a strong government
–Have political boundaries
–Are made up of people with a
common language & culture
 England

2 Germanic
tribes:
Angles &
Saxons
 England

 William,
Duke of
Normandy-- invaded
England in 1066 &
became a very
powerful king of
England
William the Conqueror

 Domesday Book –a great

land survey commissioned
to assess the land and
resources being owned in
England at the same time
the extent of the taxes
which could be raised
KING HENRY II
 His reign was one of the greatest in English history.

He wanted all the people to look up to him and to their

national government for justice and protection.
 England

 Henry II- set up system of

common law—using judges
& courts to make sure law is
obeyed
• Common laws are laws
based on customs and court
decision
 England

• Grand Juries—
examined crimes

• Petit Juries—decided
guilt or innocence of
suspects
 King John - weak & unpopular
king who upset feudal lords;
 Unreasonable ruler
 His nobles rebelled against
him and forced him to sign
Magna Carta in 1215
 Magna Carta in 1215
• 1st document to limit the power of a king (king
could not collect taxes without approval of a
Great Council of nobles).
• Great Council – made up of high officials,
nobles, and bishops.
• The rights given to the nobles were later extended
to all classes.
• It established the idea that the king had to
respect the law.
 1295- king allowed middle class to join
the Great Council—became known as
Parliament
Stronger Monarchies—War of the
Roses
 2 royal families claimed the throne:

 House of Lancaster (red rose)

 House of York (white)
 Henry Tudor of Lancaster won
the throne
FRANCE
Hugh Capet (987 )took
French throne from a
weak king.
---- he was the first of
the Capetian kings who
ruled France for 800
years.
--he strengthened French
monarchy
---freed peasants from
feudal lords
Estates-General—the
Estates-General lawmaking-body
of France, consist of nobles, church
members, peasants.
LOUIS IX

 Also known as Louis the Saint

 He was the noblest and most
admirable of all kings of France
 He reformed the court and
abolished trial by duel
 He is remembered for his long
contest with the papacy.
HUNDRED YEARS WAR

 A war fought between England and France.

 A longest war in history
 It was fought because of England’s desire to recover her
lost possessions in France; to punish France in aiding the
Scots and to lay the claim of Edward III being an heir to the
French throne
Joan of Arc

 Led the French

army against the
English.
 She was accused of
being a witch and
was burned to
death.
BOURBON DYNASTY

 LOUIS IV – descendant of a
younger son of Louis the Saint.
 ---he was known as Henry of
Navarre and the first of the
Bourbon dynasty.
LOUIS XIV

 Son of Louis XIII.

 Reigned for 72 years, the longest in European
history
 He was known as the Grand Monarch
 He was a believer of the Divine Right of the
king
 “The State – it is I” was his famous statement
 LOUIS XVI

 He was a man of correct habits and sound morals but he was a weak ruler.
 It was during his time that French Revolution happened.
 He was executed by means of guillotine on January 21, 1793 for treason
CHARLES X

 Last king of the Bourbon Dynasty

 He was a believer of the divine
rights of the king.
 He cared nothing for the rights of
the people.
 He issued decrees that caused the
outbreak of the Revolution of 1830
 Spain

 The evolution of Spain into a nation-state began during the

Middle Ages.
Spain was divided into 4 Christian kingdoms
 Kingdom of Aragon in the northeast;
 Kingdom pf Portugal in the West;
 The state of Navarre in the north;
 Kingdom of Castille in the Center (largest)
 Spain

 VISIGOTH – a Germanic tribe settled in

Iberian peninsula until 700’s
 MOORS- a Muslim group who occupied
almost all of the Iberian peninsula
Reconquista

 A military campaign to boot

out the Muslims from Spain
and re establish Christianity
 The marriage of Ferdinand of
Aragon to Isabella of Castille was a
significant development in the
creation of the nation-state of Spain
in 1469.
 It was under their rule that Spain
adopted an aggressive foreign
policy of overseas expansion.
 Spanish Inquisition—a
Inquisition
medieval procedure of
punishing heretics.
 “one king, one law, one
faith”
 Portugal
 CALIPHATE OF CORDOVA
– a Muslim kingdom built by
the Moors.
 ALPHONSO I of
PORTUGAL – defeated the
Moors in 1139 and declared
Portugal as an independent
kingdom
RUSSIA
 1200s- the Mongols invaded & ruled over
all of Russia
 1480 - Ivan III refused to pay the Mongols
tribute (taxes) & broke Russia free from
Mongol control
 Ivan III became czar & made Moscow
capital of new empire
 Ivan IV
 the power of feudal lords was weakened
& Russia conquered more land from
Mongols;
 He married Anastasia Romanov
 He ruled by terror, murdered thousands
of Russians, even his own son
Italy

 Five separate states (15th century)

 Venice
 Milan
 Florence
 Papal States
 Kingdom of Naples

It was only unified in 1870

HOLY ROMAN EMPIRE
(GERMANY)
 Henry the Fowler was chosen
by the German duchess to be
king.
 He founded the Saxon Dynasty
which ruled until 1024
Otto the Great

 Became the successor of Henry the

Fowler.
 He was an able ruler.
 He defeated the dukes who were
resisting his authority, those he
could not defeat, he established
alliances with
 He was crowned Holy Roman
Emperor because of his alliance to
the Pope.