Find the outputs when you input 0, 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5

into these machines.

What’s the same and what’s different?

+4 ÷4
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Find the outputs when you input 0, 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5
into these machines.
What’s the same and what’s different?

+4
0 4
1 5
2 6
3 7
4 8
5 9
÷4
0 0
1 0.25
2 0.5
3 0.75
4 1
5 1.25

e.g.
• The outputs increase at a constant rate as the input increases by 1
• The first machine always gives integer answers for integer inputs

©White Rose Maths

Find the output for these function machines
if 17 is input into each of them.

+86 −37
÷5 Square

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 Find the output for these function machines
if 17 is input into each of them.

17 +86 103 17 −37 20

17 ÷5 3.4 17 Square 289

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Before doing the calculations, can you estimate
which of these machines will have the biggest
output for the given inputs?

1876 +12 000

418 ×96.12

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Before doing the calculations, can you estimate
which of these machines will have the biggest
output for the given inputs?

1876 +12 000

418 ×96.12
2000+12000<400 ×100
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How many functions can you think of where
the output is always the same as the input?

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How many functions can you think of where
the output is always the same as the input?

e.g. 0, 0, ,

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Find the input for these function machines if the
output for each of them is 100

+86 ×1.25
−37
÷5 Square

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 Find the input for these function machines if the
output for each of them is 100

14
+86 100 80
×1.25 100

137 −37 100

500 ÷5 100 10 Square 100

©White Rose Maths

Find two possible machines that give the output 10
for an input of 5

5 ? 10

What could the machines have been if the input had

been 10 and the output had been 5?

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Find two possible machines that give the output 10
for an input of 5
+5
5 ? 10
×2
What could the machines have been if the input had
been 10 and the output had been 5?
−5
÷2
©White Rose Maths
Find the outputs for this function machine.

3.1 Subtract

5
from
10

8.2
Put the outputs back in to the function machine.
What do you notice?

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Find the outputs for this function machine.

3.1
6.9
Subtract

5
from 5
10

8.2
1.8

Put the outputs back in to the function machine.

What do you notice? You get the original inputs

©White Rose Maths

Investigate inverse functions on your calculator.

©White Rose Maths

Investigate inverse functions on your calculator.

Ensure students have recognised and used each inverse of

Square, cube and th roots and powers may be looked at.

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How are these sets of calculations the same and
how are they different?

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They all show 4 repeated additions then 4 lots of a number
and then the commutative property of multiplication
How are these sets of calculations the same and
how are they different?

40 24

4 4𝑎

©White Rose Maths

Write these expressions without mathematical
operation signs.

©White Rose Maths

Write these expressions without mathematical
operation signs.

6𝑓 7𝑔

𝑡 5
5 𝑡

2
𝑚 or
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Zeb says , 𝑝2 and 2𝑝 are all exactly the same.
Explain why Zeb is wrong.
Use diagrams to help.

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Zeb says , 𝑝2 and 2𝑝 are all exactly the same.
Explain why Zeb is wrong. 𝑝 2=𝑝 × 2=2 𝑝
Note : is not generally used
Use diagrams to help.
𝑝 2 𝑝
2𝑝
2
𝑝
2
𝑝 𝑝
2𝑝
Note the expressions are equal when and when
©White Rose Maths
Find the output for each of the function machines
with these inputs.

𝑎
2𝑏
×3 𝑎
2𝑏
+3
Investigate other function machines e.g. “”

©White Rose Maths

Find the output for each of the function machines
with these inputs.

×3 +3
3 +3
𝑎 3𝑎 𝑎 𝑎+ 3
2𝑏 6𝑏 2𝑏 2 𝑏+3

Investigate other function machines e.g. “”

Representing fractions of a cube is difficult

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Find the input for each of the function machines
with each of these outputs.
Outputs

𝑐+ 8 2𝑎 𝑏

+3 ÷2
×2
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Input Function Output Input Function Output

Input Function Output

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Which of these outputs is wrong?

𝑥
2𝑏 +3 𝑥+3
2 𝑏+6

©White Rose Maths

Which of these outputs is wrong?

𝑥
2𝑏 +3 𝑥+3
2 𝑏+6

©White Rose Maths

For each of these function machines, find the
function that gives the outputs shown for the
given inputs.
𝑎 ? 5𝑎 𝑏 ? 𝑏 −3

10 𝑐 ? 2𝑐 𝑦 ? 𝑥𝑦

𝑥 ? 𝑥2 𝑑 ? 𝑑 −𝑔

Do any of the machines have more than one

possible answer?
©White Rose Maths
For each of these function machines, find the
function that gives the outputs shown for the
given inputs.
𝑎 ×5 5𝑎 𝑏 −3 𝑏 −3

10 𝑐 or
2𝑐 𝑦 ×𝑥 𝑥𝑦

𝑥 or
square 𝑥2 𝑑 −𝑔 𝑑 −𝑔

Do any of the machines have more than one

possible answer?
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Complete the missing information for this
function machine.

?
4 8
10 20
? 16
10 𝑐 ?
? 6𝑏

©White Rose Maths

Complete the missing information for this
function machine.

×2
4 8
10 20
8 16
10 𝑐 20𝑐
3𝑏 6𝑏

©White Rose Maths

Fred says the machine is “”
Bertha says it’s ““
Who do you agree with?

𝑎 ? 2𝑎

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Fred says the machine is “”
Bertha says it’s ““
Who do you agree with?

𝑎 ? 2𝑎
Both are correct

©White Rose Maths

Substitute into each of these expressions.

©White Rose Maths

Substitute into each of these expressions.

©White Rose Maths

Which of these expressions will be equal when ?

Put the expressions in order from smallest to

largest for different values of
(Try
Which expressions will always be equal, whatever
the value of ?

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Which of these expressions will be equal when ?

Put the expressions in order from smallest to

largest for different values of
(Try
Which expressions will always be equal, whatever
the value of ?

©White Rose Maths

 and will always be equal whatever the value of

e.g. if
2
10 20 5 7 7 3 3 25

smallest largest

2−𝑥 𝑥 −2 𝑥+2 2+ 𝑥 2

e.g. if
2
0.5 1 0.25 4 2.5 2.5 1.5 1.5 0.25

𝑥 −2 𝑥2 2 2−𝑥 𝑥+2 2+ 𝑥

©White Rose Maths

Substitute and into all of these expressions.

What do you notice about each set of answers?

©White Rose Maths

8 9 10 11 12 Forms a linear sequence
3 6 9 12 15 3x table
1 4 9 16 25 Square numbers
19 18 17 16 15 Descending linear sequence
1 2 Linear sequence increasing
2 1 by half as increases by 1
Forms a decreasing
non-linear sequence

©White Rose Maths

Find the output of this series of two function
machines.

3.7 ×5 +1

©White Rose Maths

Find the output of this series of two function
machines.

3.7 ×5 +1 19.5

©White Rose Maths

 I think of a number, double it and then add on 9
The result is 22.4

Show this using a series of function machines.

Use inverse operations to work out the number I
started with.

©White Rose Maths

 I think of a number, double it and then add on 9
The result is 22.4

Show this using a series of function machines.

Use inverse operations to work out the number I
started with.
? ×2 +9 22.4

6.7 ÷2 −9 22.4

©White Rose Maths

 Aisha says these pairs of function machines
will have the same output as they are the same
functions.

Input ×3 +7 Output

Input +7 ×3 Output

Give an example to show that Aisha is wrong.

©White Rose Maths

 Aisha says these pairs of function machines
will have the same output as they are the same
functions.

5 Input ×3 +7 Output 22

5 Input +7 ×3 Output 36

Give an example to show that Aisha is wrong.

©White Rose Maths

Compare the outputs of these pairs of function
machines.

×2 +1
+1 ×2

©White Rose Maths

Compare the outputs of these pairs of function
machines.

×2 +1 1

+1 ×2 1 1

©White Rose Maths

Correct the mistakes in the working below.

3𝑎
𝑎 ×3 +2 5𝑎
𝑏+2
𝑏 +2 ×3 3 𝑏+2

©White Rose Maths

Correct the mistakes in the working below.

3𝑎
𝑎 ×3 +2 3 𝑎+2
𝑏+2
𝑏 +2 ×3 3 ( 𝑏+2 )

©White Rose Maths

Use bars or concrete materials to show that
both these answers are correct.

𝑎 3 2 2 𝑎+6
𝑎 3 2 2(𝑎+3)

©White Rose Maths

Use bars or concrete materials to show that
both these answers are correct.

𝑎 3 2 2 𝑎+6
𝑎 3 2 2(𝑎+3)

©White Rose Maths

Fill in the gaps in these function machines.

𝑥 ? ? 5 𝑥 −6
𝑦 ? ? 𝑦
2
−4

𝑤 ? ? 3(𝑤+1)
𝑡 ? ? 𝑡−2
4

©White Rose Maths

Fill in the gaps in these function machines.

𝑥 ×5 6 5 𝑥 −6
𝑦 ÷2 −4 𝑦
2
−4

𝑤 +1 ×3 3(𝑤+1)
𝑡 −2 ÷4 𝑡−2
4

©White Rose Maths

Complete the missing information for this function
machine.

? +2
6 20
? 3 𝑥+2
? 9 𝑦 +2

©White Rose Maths

Complete the missing information for this function
machine.

×3 +2
6 20
𝑥 3 𝑥+2
3𝑦 9 𝑦 +2

©White Rose Maths

Investigate

×5 ÷5

©White Rose Maths

 Investigate

×5 ÷5
The input and the output are the same
e.g. 6 ,
Or

Or

©White Rose Maths

Substitute different values of into these two
expressions – include integers, decimals,
negatives and fractions.

What do you notice?

Can you use function machines and diagrams to
explain why?
.

©White Rose Maths

 Both expressions are equal whatever the value of

or

×2
©White Rose Maths
Which of these is greatest when and ?

How would this change if and ?

Investigate for other values of and

©White Rose Maths

When and

0.1 10 0.1 1.1 0.9

When and

0.001 10 0.1 0.11 0.09

e.g. if and

10 1.1 0.9

©White Rose Maths

Pick values of and to substitute into this expression.

How do the values of the expression change if you

keep the same and vary

How do the values of the expression change if you

keep the same and vary

©White Rose Maths

 Choose and

Vary and keep

10 0 0.5 4 10 20 50 100 250
110 10 10.25 26 110 410 2510 10010 62510

Keep and vary

0 0.5 4 5 10 20 50 100
90 100 101 108 110 120 140 200 300

©White Rose Maths

Substitute and into the expression
What do you notice about your answers?

Repeat for and then

What stays the same? What changes?

©White Rose Maths

 8 11 14 17 20
As increases by 1 the value of increases by 3

9 12 15 18 21
As increases by 1 the value of increases by 3
is one more than

7 9 11 13 15
As increases by 1 the value of increases by 2

©White Rose Maths

Use your calculator to find the first ten terms of
the sequences given by these rules.

What are the similarities and differences?

©White Rose Maths

 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
1 4 9 16 25 36 49 64 81 100
2 4 8 16 32 64 128 256 512 1024
3 0 5 12 21 32 45 60 77 96
9 4 1 0 1 4 9 16 25 36

is 4 less than
is the same numbers as after
is the most different in structure to the other rules.

©White Rose Maths

Which of these rules do you think will produce
linear sequences?

Check by substituting several consecutive values of

.

©White Rose Maths

Which of these rules do you think will produce
linear sequences?

Check by substituting several consecutive values of

.

©White Rose Maths

Use a graphing program to compare the graph of
the sequence given by the rule with the graph
given by the equation

What are the similarities and differences?

©White Rose Maths

 𝑦 =2 𝑥 +1

2 𝑛+1

𝑛
Similarities: They have the same values for integer points
Differences: One is a straight line and the other is points that lie in the
direction of a straight line

©White Rose Maths

Compare the graphs of and

What are the similarities and differences?

©White Rose Maths

 Similarities: Both pass through the origin (0, 0) and (2, 4)

Differences: One is a straight line and the other is a curve

which has a line of symmetry

Compare the graphs of and

What are the similarities and differences?

©White Rose Maths

Without using a graph plotter, decide which of these
equations will produce a straight line graph.

Check your answers with a graph plotter.

Which shapes were most surprising?

©White Rose Maths

Without using a graph plotter, decide which of these
equations will produce a straight line graph.
Yes

Yes

No

Yes

No

Yes
Check your answers with a graph plotter.
Which shapes were most surprising?

©White Rose Maths