Ionic Compound

 are formed between a metal and a nonmetal. The chemical

combination between the two types of elements results in the
formation of ionic bonds between the atoms. Ionic bonds are the
electrostatic force of attraction that holds cations (positively charged
atom) and anions (negatively charged atoms) together.
Table 1: Common Ionic Compounds and their Uses
Ionic Compound Chemical Importance and Uses
Formula
Potassium iodide KI Iodized salt used for thyroid health
Sodium fluoride NaF An ingredient in toothpaste that helps
prevent cavities and tooth decay.
Sodium bicarbonate NaHCO3 Baking soda; used in baking and as an
antacid to reduce stomach acid, treats
indigestion and upset stomach.
Sodium hydroxide NaOH Used as a cleaning agent, it is the
component of soap and detergents.
Barium Chloride BaCl2 Used in making fireworks releasing the
green-colored explosions
Covalent molecular compounds
or simply covalent compounds are substances that are formed from
the chemical combination of two or more nonmetallic elements
Table 2: Lists of Some Covalent Molecular Compounds and their Importance.
Covalent Chemical Importance and Uses
Molecular Formula
Compound
An odorless, colorless gas used mainly as fuel to make
Methane CH4 heat and light.

Ammonia is used as a refrigerant gas, for purification of

water supplies, and in the manufacture of plastics,
Ammonia NH3 explosives, textiles, pesticides, dyes, and other
chemicals.

Ozone is a gas that occurs naturally in trace amounts

in the stratosphere. It protects life on Earth from the
harmful UV rays of the son. But this gas is toxic to living
Ozone O3
organisms at ground level.
    It is an essential gas for plant and animal processes– like photosynthesis and
    respiration. But the excessive amount in the atmosphere is unsafe as it is a
    greenhouse gas.
 
Carbon dioxide
CO2 In the industry, carbon dioxide in liquid and solid form is used as a refrigerant, in fire
extinguishers.

    One of the most important substances, perhaps in the universe. Water exists in three
    states of matter and is essential to life processes, as our body needs water for all
    cells, tissues, organs to help regulate body temperature and maintain bodily functions.
     
It is also essential for daily and domestic use. Water also plays an important role in
Water H2O the balance of the ecosystem.
PROPERTIES OF IONIC AND COVALENT
MOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
• When sugar and table salt placed side by side, it may appear the same
because they are both white crystalline solids. From the self-activity
performed, you have notice that table salt is salty and sugar is sweet.
These properties suggest that they are very different substances.
• Sugar is a covalent molecular compound made up of sucrose
(C12H22O11) molecules, while table salt is made up of sodium
chloride (NaCl) ions.
• Tasting is the best way to identify the physical property of a
substance, but it is not always a safe way because there are
compounds that are toxic and poisonous.
: Properties of Ionic and Covalent Molecular Compounds
PROPERTIES OF IONIC COMPOUNDS
 They Form Crystals
 They have high melting point and
boiling point
 They are hard and brittle
 They conduct electricity in
aqueous solution
 They are nonconductors of
electricity in solid form
PROPERTIES OF COVALENT
MOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
 They have low melting points and
boiling points
 Most are soft and flexible
 They are flammable
 They are not conductors of
electricity
 They can be classified as polar or
nonpolar molecules