Main Pump Basic

DX Excavator

Feb, 2009
Overseas Product Support Team
Text No. HYD0025
Basic of main pump

• Do you have experience as below case…

Water pump is rotating by electrical motor, then water is come out from discharge hole. isn’t it?
- If you block up discharge hole on pump, what happened ?
- If we don’t need lots water from water pump, what shell we do?

- Excavator pump is almost same as above water pump

No electric motor, just use diesel engine power..
Not use water, just use hydraulic oil…

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Basic of main pump

 Simple questions…

- What is pump and what is it for?

- What kind pump do you know?

- Have you ever heard a fixed flow pump & variable flow pump?

- What is a pressure?

- What is different between pump of electric motor power and engine driving power ?

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Basic of main pump

 Excavator hydraulic system (1)

Diesel
Engine

* Fixed flow oil pump

* Variable flow oil pump

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Basic of main pump

 Excavator hydraulic system (2)

Diesel
Engine

* Cylinder is fixed (High system pressure)

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Basic of main pump

 Flow control and Power (Pressure) control.

Pressure control

Flow control

Pump works for making flow only.

(Not making pressure)

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Basic of main pump

 Flow control (1)

Pump discharges a little oil (Moving arm slowly)

Let’s think about switched spool

when operator moves joystick and

Pump discharges lots oil (Moving arm fast)
machine moving speed..
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Basic of main pump

1) Main pump
 Flow control (2)

Nega con Pressure

Pump Flow
Spool Stroke

(=Joystick pressure)

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Basic of main pump

1) Main pump
 Flow control (3)

Qi

Flow control curve

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Basic of main pump

1) Main pump
 Flow control (4)

Qi

Flow control curve

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Basic of main pump

1) Main pump
 Pressure control (1)

Qd

System pressure is low

( Engine get a low working load) Power control curve

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Basic of main pump

1) Main pump
 Pressure control (2)

Qd

System pressure is high

Power control curve
(Engine get a heavy working load)
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Basic of main pump

1) Main pump
 Pressure control (3)
Normally,
Main pump consists of 2 rotary pump (P1,P2)
Both pump are working anytime..
Let’s think about below condition.

Case1. P1 Pump works for heavy work which is high

system pressure (Digging or Loading)
Case2. P2 Pump works for light work which is low
system pressure (Swing…)
Then, how much oil does both pump discharge?

P1 P2

P1 P2
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Basic of main pump

1) Main pump
 Pressure control (4)

When the pumps are working under different working

pressure control condition.

Both pump discharges average pressure control flow.

(P1+P2)/2
Cross sensing control signal makes average pressure
control flow with each pump.

P1 ↓ P2 ↓ For example,
- P1 pump system pressure is 300 bar
- P2 pump system pressure is 100 bar.
At that time, P1,P2 pump discharges 200 bar oil flow
(About 200 L/min) – Same flow oil is discharged under
pressure control.

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Basic of main pump

1) Main pump
 Determine oil flow (1)

Qd Qi

Power control (Qd) Flow control (Qi)

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Basic of main pump

1) Main pump
 Determine oil flow (2)

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Basic of main pump

1) Main pump
 Determine oil flow (3)

Practice
Case 1.
Nega-con pressure : 10bar
System pressure : 300 bar
How much oil does pump discharge?
Which control is applied?

Case 2.
Nega-con pressure : 30bar
System pressure : 150 bar
How much oil does pump discharge?
Which control is applied?

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Basic of main pump

1) Main pump
 Determine oil flow (4)

Practice
Case 3.
Front pump Nega con pressure : 10bar
Front pump system pressure : 300 bar
Rear pump Nega con pressure : 25bar
Rear pump system pressure : 200 bar

How much oil does pump discharge?

- Front pump ( ) l/min
- Rear pump ( ) l/min
Which control is applied?
- Front pump ( ) control
- Rear pump ( ) control

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 Basic of main pump

1) Main pump
 Power shift (1)

Let’s think about below cases

Case 1) Pump discharges 180 L/min oil Case 3) Pump discharges 100 L/min oil
Case 2) Pump discharges 230 L/min oil Case 4) Pump discharges 120 L/min oil
Which case is fast moving as below working ? Which case is fast work as below case ?

Light load work (Warm up) Heavy load work (Digging)

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Basic of main pump

1) Main pump
 Power shift - oil flow (2)

Standard mode
Power made
(Use 100% Engine power)

Let’s compare oil flow at 300 bar point of

discharge pressure with standard mode curve
and power mode curve
Power mode oil flow : Around 140 L/min
Standard mode oil flow : Around 125 L/min
The pump discharge more oil at power mode
on same pressure point.

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Basic of main pump

1) Main pump
 Power shift (3)

Rated engine power curve.

Power mode uses almost 100% engine power.

When engine applies heavy load, the engine RPM is
drop easily. (No extra engine power)
To prevent engine RPM drop, the power mode curve
is moved to standard mode curve side (down side)
by proportional valve 2nd pressure with New EPOS
controller signal.
If engine load is released, the power mode curve
goes to original position (power mode).
New EPOS controller catches engine RPM to control
the power curve moving by engine RPM.
(Increase or decrease oil flow by engine load)

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Basic of main pump

1) Main pump
 Power shift (4)

Control power
Sensing mode curve
engine RPM ▲ Engine RPM drop (Heavy load)

▲ Engine RPM increase (No load)

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