MULTIPLE ALLELES

Another Non-Mendelian Principle of Heredity

 OUR GOAL FOR TODAY!

Infer the unknown phenotypes of

individuals on the basis of the known
phenotypes of their family members.
WHAT DOES YOUR BLOOD TYPE
SAY ABOUT YOU?
WHO’S THE REAL FATHER?
Nathaniel lost his mom Rachel.
According to the family lawyer, all of his
mom’s properties will be given to him and a
part of it to his father. But he never met his
father because according to his mom, they
got separated due to marital issues, On the
burial, three men came and claimed that
one of them is his father.
 Nathaniel knew that his blood type is O (ii) while his mom’s is B (Bi). Who
could be his father among the three men if their blood type is as follows:

Father 1: Paul James Father 2: Paul John Father 3: Paul Jayson

Occupation: Businessman Occupation: Singer Occupation: Policeman
Blood type: AB Blood type: Bi Blood type: AA
 NATHANIEL’S REAL FATHER
IS…
Paul John
 BLOOD TYPE

- is a special type of inherited trait that is governed

by multiple alleles, or gene variants.

- Has FOUR types: A, B, AB and O

MULTIPLE ALLELES
• When there are more than two allele
possibilities for a gene.
Ex.: Blood type A and Blood Type B
 ABO BLOOD GROUPS
Blood Type
Genotype Can donate blood to: Can receive blood from:
(Phenotype)

 
     
A, B, AB and O
O ii
(universal donor)
O
 
   
  AB A, B, AB and O
AB I A IB
(universal acceptor)
 
     
O, A
A IAIA or IAi AB, A
 
 
     
O, B
B IBIB or IBi AB, B
 
 Try this!

Give the genotype of what are being asked on the next

slides. Refer to the table.
 Blood Type
Genotype Can donate blood to: Can receive blood from:
(Phenotype)

 
   
A, B, AB and O
 
O ii
(universal donor)
O
 
     
A, B, AB and O
AB IA IB AB
(universal acceptor)
 
     
O, A
A IAIA or IAi AB, A
 
 
     
O, B
B IBIB or IBi AB, B
 

A. Genotype for homozygous blood type B:

 Blood Type
Genotype Can donate blood to: Can receive blood from:
(Phenotype)

 
   
A, B, AB and O
 
O ii
(universal donor)
O
 
     
A, B, AB and O
AB IA IB AB
(universal acceptor)
 
     
O, A
A IAIA or IAi AB, A
 
 
     
O, B
B IBIB or IBi AB, B
 

B. Genotype for heterozygous blood type A:

 Blood Type
Genotype Can donate blood to: Can receive blood from:
(Phenotype)

 
   
A, B, AB and O
 
O ii
(universal donor)
O
 
     
A, B, AB and O
AB IA IB AB
(universal acceptor)
 
     
O, A
A IAIA or IAi AB, A
 
 
     
O, B
B IBIB or IBi AB, B
 

C. Genotype for blood type O:

 Blood Type
Genotype Can donate blood to: Can receive blood from:
(Phenotype)

 
   
A, B, AB and O
 
O ii
(universal donor)
O
 
     
A, B, AB and O
AB IA IB AB
(universal acceptor)
 
     
O, A
A IAIA or IAi AB, A
 
 
     
O, B
B IBIB or IBi AB, B
 

D. Genotype for Blood type A who had blood type O parent:

 Blood Type
Genotype Can donate blood to: Can receive blood from:
(Phenotype)

 
   
A, B, AB and O
 
O ii
(universal donor)
O
 
     
A, B, AB and O
AB IA IB AB
(universal acceptor)
 
     
O, A
A IAIA or IAi AB, A
 
 
     
O, B
B IBIB or IBi AB, B
 

E. Genotype for Blood type AB:

 Blood Type
Genotype Can donate blood to: Can receive blood from:
(Phenotype)

 
   
A, B, AB and O
 
O ii
(universal donor)
O
 
     
A, B, AB and O
AB IA IB AB
(universal acceptor)
 
     
O, A
A IAIA or IAi AB, A
 
 
     
O, B
B IBIB or IBi AB, B
 

F. Genotype for Blood type that can be donated to anybody:

 Blood Type
Genotype Can donate blood to: Can receive blood from:
(Phenotype)

 
   
A, B, AB and O
 
O ii
(universal donor)
O
 
     
A, B, AB and O
AB IA IB AB
(universal acceptor)
 
     
O, A
A IAIA or IAi AB, A
 
 
     
O, B
B IBIB or IBi AB, B
 

G. Genotype for Blood type that can only get blood from a type O donor:
 Blood Type
Genotype Can donate blood to: Can receive blood from:
(Phenotype)

 
   
A, B, AB and O
 
O ii
(universal donor)
O
 
     
A, B, AB and O
AB IA IB AB
(universal acceptor)
 
     
O, A
A IAIA or IAi AB, A
 
 
     
O, B
B IBIB or IBi AB, B
 

Pretend that the father is homozygous for the blood type B, and
the mother is blood type O. What are the possible genotypes of
their baby?
Let’s CHECK!
 Blood Type
Genotype Can donate blood to: Can receive blood from:
(Phenotype)

 
   
A, B, AB and O
 
O ii
(universal donor)
O
 
     
A, B, AB and O
AB IA IB AB
(universal acceptor)
 
     
O, A
A IAIA or IAi AB, A
 
 
     
O, B
B IBIB or IBi AB, B
 

A. Genotype for homozygous blood type B:

II B B
 Blood Type
Genotype Can donate blood to: Can receive blood from:
(Phenotype)

 
   
A, B, AB and O
 
O ii
(universal donor)
O
 
     
A, B, AB and O
AB IA IB AB
(universal acceptor)
 
     
O, A
A IAIA or IAi AB, A
 
 
     
O, B
B IBIB or IBi AB, B
 

B. Genotype for heterozygous blood type A:

I iA
 Blood Type
Genotype Can donate blood to: Can receive blood from:
(Phenotype)

 
   
A, B, AB and O
 
O ii
(universal donor)
O
 
     
A, B, AB and O
AB IA IB AB
(universal acceptor)
 
     
O, A
A IAIA or IAi AB, A
 
 
     
O, B
B IBIB or IBi AB, B
 

C. Genotype for blood type O:

ii
 Blood Type
Genotype Can donate blood to: Can receive blood from:
(Phenotype)

 
   
A, B, AB and O
 
O ii
(universal donor)
O
 
     
A, B, AB and O
AB IA IB AB
(universal acceptor)
 
     
O, A
A IAIA or IAi AB, A
 
 
     
O, B
B IBIB or IBi AB, B
 

D. Genotype for Blood type A who had blood type O parent:

I i A
 Blood Type
Genotype Can donate blood to: Can receive blood from:
(Phenotype)

 
   
A, B, AB and O
 
O ii
(universal donor)
O
 
     
A, B, AB and O
AB IA IB AB
(universal acceptor)
 
     
O, A
A IAIA or IAi AB, A
 
 
     
O, B
B IBIB or IBi AB, B
 

E. Genotype for Blood type AB:

I I
A B
 Blood Type
Genotype Can donate blood to: Can receive blood from:
(Phenotype)

 
   
A, B, AB and O
 
O ii
(universal donor)
O
 
     
A, B, AB and O
AB IA IB AB
(universal acceptor)
 
     
O, A
A IAIA or IAi AB, A
 
 
     
O, B
B IBIB or IBi AB, B
 

F. Genotype for Blood type that can be donated to anybody:

ii
 Blood Type
Genotype Can donate blood to: Can receive blood from:
(Phenotype)

 
   
A, B, AB and O
 
O ii
(universal donor)
O
 
     
A, B, AB and O
AB IA IB AB
(universal acceptor)
 
     
O, A
A IAIA or IAi AB, A
 
 
     
O, B
B IBIB or IBi AB, B
 

G. Genotype of Blood type that can only get blood from a type O donor:

ii
Pretend that the father is homozygous for the blood type B, and the
mother is blood type O. What are the possible genotypes of their
baby?

I B
I B

i IiB
IiB Ii B

i IiB
IiB