Water Definition

• Water is a chemical compound consisting

of two hydrogen atoms and one oxygen
atom. The name water typically refers to
the liquid state of the compound . The
solid phase is known as ice and gas phase
is called steam . Under certain conditions,
water also forms a supercritical fluid.
WATER FACTS
Water is the main compound found in living
organisms. Approximately
• 62 percent of the human body is water.
• About 71 percent of the Earth's surface is covered
by water. Breaking it down, 96.5 percent of the
water in the Earth's crust is found in oceans, 1.7
percent in ice caps and glaciers, 1.7 percent in
ground water, a small fraction in rivers and lakes,
and 0.001 percent in clouds, water vapor, and
precipitation.
WATER FACTS
• Water has an extraordinarily high specific heat capacity
[4.1814 J/(g·K) at 25 °C] and also a high heat of vaporization
[40.65 kJ/mol or 2257 kJ/kg at the normal boiling point].
Both of these properties are a result of hydrogen bonding
between neighboring water molecules.
• The molar mass of water is 18.01528 g/mol.
• The melting point of water is 0.00 °C (32.00 °F; 273.15 K).
Note the melting and freezing points of water may be
different from each other. Water readily undergoes
supercooling. It can remain in liquid state well below its
melting point.
• The boiling point of water is 99.98 °C (211.96 °F; 373.13 K).
DENSITY OF WATER
The density of water is the weight of the water per its unit
volume, which depends on the temperature of the water. The
usual value used in calculations is 1 gram per milliliter (1 g/ml)
or 1 gram per cubic centimeter (1 g/cm ). While you can round
the density to 1 gram per milliliter, there are more precise
values for you to use.
The density of pure water actually is somewhat less than 1 g/cm
. A standard table lists the values for the density of liquid water.
Note that water can be
• supercooled and remain a liquid well below its normal freezing
point. The maximum density of water occurs around 4 degrees
Celsius. Ice is less dense than liquid water, so it floats.
DENSITY OF WATER
Temp (°C) Density (kg/m3)
+100 958.4
+80 971.8
+60 983.2
+40 992.2
+30 995.6502
+25 997.0479
+22 997.7735
+20 998.2071
+15 999.1026
+10 999.7026
+4 999.9720
0 999.8395
−10 998.117
−20 993.547
• −30 983.854
DENSITY OF WATER
• Just like a solid, the density of a liquid equals the mass of
the liquid divided by its volume; D = m/v. The density of
water is 1 gram per cubic centimeter.
• FORMULA
• D= M/V
• M = D×V
• V = M/D
• D=DENSITY
• M=MASS
• V=VOLUME
PROBLEM SAMPLES:
Example 1:
• A brick of salt has a mass of 433 g. Poured in a 200
ml water. What is its density?
PROBLEM SAMPLES
Solution:
D=Mass/Volume
D=433g/200ml
D=2.165 g/ml
PROBLEM SAMPLES
Example 2:
• If 500 mL of a liquid has a density of 1.11 g/mL,
what is its mass?
PROBLEM SAMPLES
• SOLUTION:
M=Density × Volume
M=(1.11 g/ml)(500 ml)
M=555 g
 PROBLEM SAMPLES
•PROBLEM SOLVING:
A solution of water and salt contains 25 grams of salt in 250 mL of water. What is the density of the salt water? (Use density of water = 1
g/mL)
Step 1: Find the mass and volume of the salt water.
This time, there are two masses. The mass of the salt and the mass of the water are both needed to find the mass of the salt water. The
mass of the salt is given, but the only the volume of water is given. We've also been given the
density of water , so we can calculate the mass of the water.
density = mass /volume
solve for mass ,
mass = density ·volume
mass = 1 g/mL · 250 mL
mass = 250 grams
Now we have enough to find the mass of the salt water.
mass = mass + mass
mass = 25 g + 250 g
mass = 275 g
Volume of the salt water is 250 mL.
Step 2: Plug your values into the density formula.
density = mass/volume
density = 275 g/250 mL
density = 1.1 g/mL
Answer 2: The salt water has a density of 1.1 grams/mL.
REFERENCES:
• Density of Water-Anne Marie Helmenstine, Ph.D.