Factors

affecting
population
POPULATION ECOLOGY growth
&
Exponential
growth
 POPULATION ECOLOGY
Po p u l at i o n e c o l o g y i s a s u b - f i e l d o f e c o l o g y
t h at d e a l s w i t h t h e d y n a m i c s o f s p e c i e s
p o p u l at i o n s and h ow these p o p u l at i o n s
i n t e r a c t w i t h t h e e nv i r o n m e n t , s u ch a s b i r t h
a n d d e at h r at e s , a n d b y i m m i g r at i o n a n d
E m i g r at i o n . e m i g r at i o n
 N.B
 T he number of individuals  the amount of species
living within that specific found within measur ed
location deter mines the ar ea of a r e gion in w hich
population density, or the the species g r ows is called
number of individuals the fr equency of the
divided by the size of the sample species
ar ea. Population density
can be used to describe
the location, g r owth, and
mig r ation of many
or ganisms
 FACTORS AFFECTING POPULATION
GROWTH
 Factors that affects the density or frequency are :
 Birthrate _ nasality
 Death rate_ fatality
 Migration(immigration and emigration) - moving from one
population to another
 Depletion _ the effects of other organisms
(predators ,grazing , parasitism, competition)
 How often an organism reproduces.
 The number of offspring of an organism.
 The presence or absence of parental care.
 How long an organism is able to reproduce.
 EXPONENTIAL POPULATION GROWTH

In exponential growth, a population's per capita (per individual)

growth rate stays the same regardless of population size,
making the population grow faster and faster as it gets larger.
In exponential growth, a population
increases by a fixed proportion in
each generation

This growth in a population is quick

but not maintained simply because VA L I D

they’re insufficient resources POINTS

ABOUT

As a population increases , it begins E X P O N EN T I A L

to experience environmental G ROW T H

resistance, because space and
resources are reduced and
competition increases for them.
 PHASES OF GROWTH CURVE

 L ag phase ( sl ow)
1. perio d of lit tle to no gr owth
2. Few o f the indivi dual s ar e mature
3. Rate of repro ductio n is low
4. Or ganisms beco me famili ar with t he co ndit ions

 E xpo ne nti al gro wt h phase

1. Condi tions are ; or ganisms ar e wel l adapted to the env ir onm ent al
2. Maximum r epro ductio n rate i s r ealiz ed
3. Population grows at ev er incr easing ( ac c ele rating) rate

 Stati onar y Phase (Tr ansi tio nal, Carry ing c apaci ty)
1. Envir onmental r esi stance st eps i n as the Carr ying c apac ity is re ac he d
2. Food supplies become li mi ted
3. The number o f indi viduals ente ring the po pulatio n equals the amount l eav ing
by death or migr at ion
4. Waste pr oduct s and tox ins ac c umulate so de at h rate inc r eases
5. Bir th r ate and death rate appro ac h e quilibri um
 UNDERSTANDING
A TYPICAL
POPULATION
GROWTH CURVE

LAG PHASE

EXPONENTIAL
PHASE
Click icon to add picture
STATIONARY
PHASE