Necrotizing

periodontitis

Abdulmalek Almesfir

411107556
Necrotizing periodontal diseases (NPDs)

Mixture of many different bacteria, viruses and fungi

infections invade the oral mucosa, initially into the gums
and then into the tissues supporting the teeth and/or
elsewhere in the oral mucosa causing destruction and
inflaming that will lead to very serious problems.
 Necrotizing periodontal diseases (NPDs)

• NPDs consist of necrotizing gingivitis (NG), necrotizing periodontitis (NP),

necrotizing stomatitis (NS) Due to their common etiology and clinical
presentation, these are all considered as different stages of the same disease.

• Necrotizing gingivitis is the most prevalent type, which advances to necrotizing

periodontitis in sensitive groups such immunosuppressed patients.
Necrotizing periodontitis

• The specialized attachment tissues that surround one or more

teeth are infected, and the following inflammation is more
destructive and severe than necrotizing gingivitis.

• The damaged tooth starts to come loose. With the potential loss
of the affected tooth, bone is exposed and often damaged.
Symptoms

• Patients will usually report excruciating pain, fetid oral odor, and rapid
onset of the condition.

• systemic involvement can be seen via swelling of regional lymph nodes.

Fever and malaise are associated with necrotizing periodontitis.
Features

• There may be evidence of spontaneous or

provoked bleeding.
• Necrotizing periodontitis is characterized by
a loss of attachment, yet extensive
periodontal pockets are not common because
there is little time for pocket formation
because the disease proceeds so quickly.
• Pseudomembrane formation and Multiple
sites of gum necrosis are usually seen in NP.
Risk factors

• Patients are considered to be more likely to develop necrotizing periodontitis

if they have a history of necrotizing gingivitis.
• Immunocompromised patient

• Smoking and Malnutrition is frequently present, in combination with one of

the other factors.
References

• Bermejo-Fenoll A, Sánchez-Pérez A. Necrotising periodontal diseases. Med Oral Patol Oral Cir Bucal
2004; 9 Suppl:114-19; 108–14.  PubMed

• Cobb CM, Ferguson BL, Keselyak NT, Holt LA, MacNeill SR, Rapley JW. A TEM/SEM study of the
microbial plaque overlying the necrotic gingival papillae of HIV-seropositive, necrotizing ulcerative
periodontitis. J Periodontal Res. 2003; 38: 147–55.  PubMed

• Gasner NS, Schure RS. Necrotizing Periodontal Diseases. [Updated 2022 Aug 16]. In:
StatPearls [Internet]. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing; 2022 Jan-. Available
from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK557417/?report=classic
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