Thermodynamics-I (ME 231)

Fall 2022

Lecture 12

Chapter 3: Properties of Pure Substances

Instructor: Dr. Ahmad Abbas

Faculty of Mechanical Engineering
Previous Lecture
• Pure substance
• Phases of a pure substance
• Phase change process of a pure substance
• Saturated Temperature and Saturated Pressure.

Today’s Lecture
• Property diagram for a phase change process
• Critical point
• T-v diagram for a pure substance
• P-v diagram for a pure substance
• Evaluating thermodynamic properties. Using property tables.

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 Property diagrams for phase change process
T-v diagram for water
An increase in constant pressure above 1
atm shows:

1. Water starts boiling at a much

higher temperature

2. The specific volume of saturated

liquid is larger and the specific
volume of saturated vapor is
smaller than the corresponding
values at 1 atm pressure.

3. The horizontal line connecting

the saturated liquid and
saturated vapor states is much
shorter.
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 Critical Point
On further increase in pressure, the saturation line continues to
shrink, and it becomes a point when the pressure reaches 22.06 MPa
(for water). This point is called the critical point.
The point at which the saturated liquid and saturated vapor
states are identical.

• At supercritical pressures (P>Pcr),

there is no distinct phase-change
process.

• Eventually, it resembles a vapor,

but we can never tell when the
change has occurred.
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T-v diagram of a pure substance

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P-v diagram of a pure substance
Isothermal process

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Evaluating Thermodynamic Properties
• The relationships among thermodynamic properties are too
complex to be expressed by simple equations.

• Therefore, properties are frequently presented in the form of

tables.

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Property Tables for Two Phase fluid (liquid-vapor mix)

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Property Tables for Saturated Liquid (Liquid-Vapor)