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GOVERNMENT POLYTECHNIC KARAD

SUB:CONTROL SYSTEM(22541)

•MICRO PROJECT PRESENTATION

 TITLE
•PREPARE A CHART ON
TYPES OF P, PI, PID
CONTROLLERS.
INTRODUCTION
THE CONTROLS FOR A POWER MODULATOR ARE PROVIDES IN THE CONTROL

UNIT. THE NATURE OF THE CONTROL UNIT FOR A PARTICULAR DRIVE

DEPENDS ON THE POWER MODULATOR THAT USED.
PID CONTROLLERS USE THREE BASIC BEHAVIOR TYPES OF MODES:
P-PROPORTIONAL, I- INTEGRAL AND D- DERIVATIVE. WHILE
PROPORTIONAL AND INTEGRATIVE MODES ARE ALSO USED AS SIGNAL
CONTROL MODESA DERIVATIVE MODE IS RARELY USED ON IT’S OWN IN
CONTROL SYSTEMS. COMBINATIONS SUCH AS PI AND PID CONTROLLER
ARE VERY OFTENUSEDIN PRACTICAL SYSTEMS
 USES OF CONTROLLERS
1.CONTROLLERS IMPROVE STEADY STATE ACCURACY BY DECREASING THE STEADY STATE
ERRORS.
2.AS THE STEADY STATE ACCURACY IMPROVES, THE STABILITY ALSO IMPROVES.
3.THEY ALSO HELP IN REDUCING THE OFFSETS PRODUCED IN THE SYSTEM.
4.MAXIMUM OVERSHOOT OF THE SYSTEM CAN BE CONTROLLED USING THESE CONTROLL.
5.THEY ALSO HELP IN REDUCING THE NOISE SIGNALS PRODUCED IN THE SYSTEM.
6.LOW RESPONSE OF THE OVER DAMPED SYSTEM CAN BE MADE FASTER WITH THE HELP OF
THESE CONTROLLERS.
PROPORTIONAL (P) CONTROLLER

PROPORTIONAL-ONLY CONTROL IS THE SIMPLEST OF THE PID

CONTROLLER FORMS AS IT IS LIMITED TO A SINGLE TUNING
PARAMETER – CONTROLLER GAIN (KC). WITH ONLY ONE
ADJUSTABLE PARAMETER THE P-ONLY CONTROLLER IS EASIER
TO TUNE FOR “BEST” PERFORMANCE COMPARED TO OTHER,
MULTI-PARAMETER FORMS OF THE PID.
PROPORTIONAL (P) CONTROLLER.
PROPORTIONAL INTEGRAL (PI) CONTROLLER

A variation of Proportional Integral

Derivative (PID) control is to use only the
proportional and integral terms as PI control.
The PI controller is the most popular
variation, even more than full PID controllers.
The value of the controller output u(t)u(t) is
fed into the system as the manipulated
variable input.
e(t)=SP−PVe(t)=SP−PV
PROPORTIONAL INTEGRAL (PI) CONTROLLER
 PROPORTIONAL INTEGRAL DERIVATIVE
(PID) CONTROLLER
• A PROPORTIONAL–INTEGRAL–DERIVATIVE CONTROLLER (PID CONTROLLER OR
THREE-TERM CONTROLLER) IS A CONTROL LOOP MECHANISM EMPLOYING
FEEDBACK THAT IS WIDELY USED IN INDUSTRIAL CONTROL SYSTEMS AND A
VARIETY OF OTHER APPLICATIONS REQUIRING CONTINUOUSLY MODULATED
CONTROL. A PID CONTROLLER CONTINUOUSLY CALCULATES AN ERROR VALUE {\
DISPLAYSTYLE E(T)}E(T) AS THE DIFFERENCE BETWEEN A DESIRED SETPOINT
(SP) AND A MEASURED PROCESS VARIABLE (PV) AND APPLIES A CORRECTION
BASED ON PROPORTIONAL, INTEGRAL, AND DERIVATIVE TERMS (DENOTED P, I,
AND D RESPECTIVELY), HENCE THE NAME.
 PROPORTIONAL INTEGRAL
DERIVATIVE (PID) CONTROLLER
 CONCLUSION
P CONTROLLER CAN STABILIZE ONLY 1ST ORDER UNSTABLE

PROCESS. PI CONTROLLER CAN BE USED TO AVOID LARGE

DISTURBANCES AND NOISE PRESENTS DURING OPERATION

PROCESS. WHERE AS PID CONTROLLER CAN BE USED WHEN

DEALING WITH HIGHER ORDER CAPACITIVE PROCESSES. THE

COMPARATIVE STUDY OF P, PI AND PID CONTROLLERIS CARRIED

OUT,IN WHICH PID CONTROLLER GIVES GOOD RESPONSE THAN

ANY OTHER CONTROLLER.