Construction Supervision-Qc & Qa

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CONSTRUCTION
SUPERVISION
QUALITY
ASSURANCE
&
QUALITY
CONTROL
By: ENGR. MANNY B. LAURESTA
QA & QC DEFINITION
QA = QC
QA & QC DEFINITION
Quality Control – QC
This is the most basic level of

quality.
It started with activities whose

purpose is to control the
quality of products or services
QUALITY
by finding problems and
CONTROL
defects.
QA & QC DEFINITION
QC is…
inspecting, testing or checking

something (service or product) to
make sure it's OK.
QUALITY
CONTROL
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QA & QC DEFINITION
QC is…
The intent is to identify anything

that isn't OK, and either fix it or
eliminate it, to make sure it
conforms to the specifications,
QUALITY
and has/does/functions as
CONTROL
required.
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QA & QC DEFINITION
QC is…
QC is typically done at the end of

the line, before it 'goes out the
door'. If the something isn't OK,
this is called 'nonconformity' or a
QUALITY
nonconforming service/product.
CONTROL
QA & QC DEFINITION
QC is…
Quality Control does not ensure

quality, it only finds instances where
quality is missing. Obviously it's
better than nothing, but it has its
QUALITY
limitations. The most important of
CONTROL
these is that you only find out that
things aren't OK at the end of the
process.
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QA & QC DEFINITION
Quality Assurance (QA)
Quality Assurance developed

QUALITY ASSURANCE from the realisation that quality
could be improved by looking
'further up the line'. It is aimed
at preventing
nonconformities/defects.
QUALITY
CONTROL
QA & QC DEFINITION
QA still has QC at its core to

QUALITY ASSURANCE control the quality of
service/product, but it goes
beyond mere testing or
inspection to also consider
related activities or processes
QUALITY
(such as training, document
CONTROL
control and audits) that may be
resulting in defects further down
the line.
QA & QC DEFINITION
Think of QC as something like

QUALITY ASSURANCE doing periodic checks to see
that a horse is still in its stable,
whereas QA would aim to make
sure that the stable doors and
QUALITY gate locks work properly and
CONTROL that all the stablehands are
trained and aware of the need
to close and bolt doors
properly.
QA & QC DEFINITION
QUALITY MANAGEMENT Quality Management
As the quality movement

QUALITY ASSURANCE matured and improved, it
developed into Quality
Management. Now the
emphasis has widened to
include developments in
QUALITY
systems thinking and
CONTROL
management systems.
QA & QC DEFINITION
QUALITY MANAGEMENT Quality Management
Quality management is a
QUALITY ASSURANCE much broader field. While it
includes quality planning, as
well as quality control and
quality assurance, it also
includes quality improvement
QUALITY
and extends beyond just QA
CONTROL
and QC to a systems
approach and looking at the
quality management system
as a whole.
QA & QC DEFINITION
 Quality Control (QC) is the

process of ensuring or maintaining
a certain level of quality for
materials, products or services.
 It means the assessment of
product compliance with stated
requirements.
 Inspection is a basic quality
function, however it does not
constitute the entire quality
control efforts.
QA & QC DEFINITION
 Quality Assurance (QA) is a

planned and systematic
pattern of all actions
necessary to provide adequate
confidence that the product
optimally fulfills customers'
expectations, i.e. that it is
problem-free and well able to
perform the task it was
designed for.
QA & QC DEFINITION
 The QC and QA program is a two-part

program intended to ensure that the
work would meet the contract
requirements. The Contractor is
responsible for quality control; the
Project Manager (PM) is responsible
for quality assurance.
QA & QC OBJECTIVES
Quality Control Quality Assurance

 Maintain certain  To provide increased
standards confidence for both
 Meet customer client and company that:
specifications  All works will be
completed within the
 Meet legal requirements agreed cost and time
 Find effective products limits, and
 Strictly in accordance with
which can be reworked the requirements of the
 Find problems in specifications.
production process
 Grade products
 Provide performance,
information on individual
workers, departments
and projects.
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CONSTRUCTION QUALITY MANAGEMENT…
Contractual Documents
In general, the appropriate references use in maintaining

construction quality are in the provisions included in:
1. Federation Internationale Des Ingenieurs Consells (FIDIC)

Conditions of contract of Civil Engineering Construction, Part 1
2. Philippine Institute of Architects (PIA)
General conditions, PIA document 401
3. United Architects of the Philippines (UAP)
General conditions, UAP document 401
Section III – Equipment and Materials from Articles 8 to 10.07
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Measurements on Site
Have an accurate
standard length marked
out on site for checking
tapes.
Breakdown irregular
areas into
fundamental shapes
for measuring
purposes
Measurement on Site
For soft spots agree

the average depth over
an area with
contractor.
Keep a record of all

work carried out by the
contractor as it is done
in a proper dimensions
book
e.g. measure the excavation not
what‘s come out of it…
Measurement on Site
Examine weigh
tickets for all bulk
materials brought
onto site.
Keep a record of all work

carried out by the contractor
as it is done in a proper
dimensions book
Quality and Testing of Materials
All materials to be used should be
NEW and comply with the current
ASTM, AASHTO, Philippine
Standards where such exists.
The list of supplies should be
submitted by the contractor as
soon as possible after the award of
the contract.
The suppliers should not be
changed without approval by the
owner.
Suppliers must be willing to admit
the engineer to his premises to
obtain samples or to check
manufacture
Samples shall be supplied without
charge and delivered by the
contractor to wherever directed.
Approved samples may be retained
to be used as a standard for
subsequent supplies.
SAND
Sand to be used for concrete –
evaluate against ASTM and C-
33 AASHTO M6
Sand for block work mortar
and rendering – evaluate
against ASTM C 144 and
AASHTO M45
Sand for internal plastering –
evaluate against ASTM C 144
and AASHTO M45
Test sand against ASTM
standards.
AGGREGATES
Upon delivery, check for
correct size and grading for
cleanliness and see
segregation doesn’t occur
during discharge.
If possible keep two stock
piles of the fine aggregates
to use alternately
Don’t let stock piles mix
Don’t store the stock piles
under the tree if possible.
Aggregates must be
durable, clean and fee from
deleterious matter.
CEMENT
Unless provision is made for the
bulk storage of cement on site,
cement will be delivered in sealed
bags.
Normally all testing is carried out in
the manufacturers test lab and
each consignment should have a
test certificates. Quality Tests for Cement
Different types of cement must be 1. Loss on ignition
stored in different silos or sheds. 2. Magnesium oxide
Storage should always be in such 3. Sulfur trioxide
manner that the cement is used in 4. Insoluble residue
the same order as it is 5. Soundness
delivered/received.
6. Air content
Storage should be well ventilated, 7. Fineness
at least 6” above the ground, stack
not more than five high. 8. Specific gravity
9. Time of setting
WATER
Use only clean fresh
water
Well water must be
tested to ensure its
suitability before use.
If water is potable it is
usually suitable.
QC for TEMPORARY FACILITIES
PE/FI should check that the construction facilities and

temporary controls necessary for the Work are provided.
Items to verify may include but not limited to:
 Temporary light and power, water, toilets, fence, barriers

and enclosures;
 Protection of “work” and existing properties;
 Security and fire prevention system;
 Access road and parking; and
 Rubbish removal
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QC for DEMOLITION
The PE should assist in making sure that the

demolition is performed in a systematic
manner, beginning at the top of the structure
and proceeding to lowest basement floor.
The demolition above each floor level should
be completed before disturbing supporting
members on lower levels.
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QC for EARTHWORKS
Documents
 Review the approved plans, specifications, and the tests
and observations made and showing the Geotechnical
Engineer's report.
 Note and record the equipment being used on site.
Sampling of Materials
 Sample and verify that the following materials are
delivered to the Materials Engineering Laboratory
for any required testing:
 Subgrade materials,
 Native-fill materials,
 Imported materials, and
 Additive materials (lime, cement, sand,
pozzolan, etc.)
QC for EARTHWORKS
Testing
Perform soils classification and properties tests as required on
native and/or imported soils.
Perform laboratory moisture-density relationship tests or other
structural property tests as required.
Where applicable, conduct laboratory-testing program to determine
soils' properties resulting from admixtures such as cement or lime.
In the field, conduct in-place field density and moisture tests using
procedures specified in the contract documents. Frequency of
testing should be predetermined to allow for representative
coverage of each lift, while interfering as little as possible with the
earthwork operation's schedule.
Testing must be timely to avoid having to retest previously covered
work. Similarly, test methods should be predetermined so as to
take into account the Contractor's procedures and soil types.
Periodic sampling of materials in the field to verify continued
compliance with specification requirements is recommended.
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QC for REINFORCING STEEL
Documents
Fabrication
 Review the approved plans,
 Check each shipment of
specifications, and approved
reinforcing steel for the
shop drawings.
following:
 Review applicable sections of
 Bar sizes and grades are
referenced codes, such as the
as specified
Building Code  Mill marking is in
Mill Test Reports conformance with mill test
 Verify reinforcing steel mill test reports
reports (when available) for mill  Check for corrosion,
markings and test data, contaminants, surface
checking against project cracks and bars damaged
requirements . in shipment
 Sample material for tests  Check shop bends for
directly from unopened bundles specified radius and
when required by specifications cracks
QC for REINFORCING STEEL
Placement
 During placement of reinforcing, check for proper bar locations, alignment,
laps, ties, form and ground clearance, supports, field bend radii and cracks,
gouges or tack welds causing stress concentrations, removal of
contaminants, and hardened concrete.
 If welding of reinforcing is required, it should be observed with particular
emphasis on joint configuration, suitably of low hydrogen electrodes, preheat
and interpass temperatures, and interpass slag removal.
 Prior to concrete placement, check for complete installation and notify
contractor of any variations form plans and specifications. If variations are
not corrected prior to start of concreting, immediately notify the design team
representative and PIU for appropriate action.
 During concrete placement, check that reinforcing stays in place and is
adequately supported. Check for removal of dirt, concrete spatter, grease, or
other contaminants.
 Check embedded items, including, anchorages, inserts, and bolts installed in
concrete for compliance to project documents. Verify they are solidly cast in
place during placement of concrete.
QC for READY MIX CONCRETE
Documents
 Verify that the class of concrete
ordered is being delivered and
conforms to approved mix
designs.
Equipment
 Check the trucks for worn out or damaged fins, excessive
buildup of hardened concrete, and for the presence of wash
water from the previous delivery.
 Verify that load capacities are not exceeded.
 Check the current "weights and measures” seal on scales.
 Verify that the moisture-metering device is operable.
 Verify that the scales start at and return to zero after each
weighing operation.
 Verify that the metering devices for admixtures have been
calibrated recently and are operating.
QC for READY MIX CONCRETE
Materials, Storage and Handling
 Visually check the sand and course aggregate for
method of storage, handling, source, grading,
cleanliness, and moisture condition.
 Obtain samples of aggregates when specified or when
it appears that they may not conform to the required
gradation or cleanliness.
 Obtain grab samples of cement and pozolanic
materials when required by project specifications.
 Check the cement temperature.
 For lightweight aggregates, check loose moist unit
weight regularly and verify whether the plant is making
proper adjustments to batch weights to compensate
for variations in weight as well as moisture.
QC for CONCRETE
Documents
 Verify that the class of concrete delivered conforms with
specifications
Observation Procedures
 Check forms for cleanliness and proper treatment prior to
placement.
 Visually estimate the slump of each batch delivered and
perform slump tests regularly.
 Determine concrete temperature, number of mixing
revolutions, and/or length of time since batching.
 Observe placement procedures for evidence of segregation,
possible cold joints, displacement of reinforcement or forms,
and proper support of embedded items, anchor bolts, etc.
 Inspect for proper compaction/consolidation.
QC for CONCRETE
Sampling and Testing Duties

 Verification of approved mix design
 Monitor batch-placement time
 Test and verify unit weight/yield
FOR FRESH CONCRETE
 Test and verify slump, temperature
and air content
 Fabricate test cylinders/beams
FOR HARDENED CONCRETE
 Compressive strength
 Modulus of Elasticity (Ec)
 Tensile strength
 Special properties
QC for CONCRETE
BEFORE PLACING OF CONCRETE

The formworks must be free of debris and properly coated
with bond-breaker oil
Make sure the forms are correctly constructed and erected
Reinforcement should be fixed in accordance with the
drawings and should be properly cleaned and spaced from
the shutters
All rubbish should be removed from the shutters
Make sure that all preparation for the curing of the
concrete is in place
Make sure there is enough concrete for the pour.
Temperature of fresh concrete must be controlled from
the time of mixing thru final placement.
Segregation must be avoided during all operation between
the mixer and the point of placement
QC for CONCRETE
PLACING OF CONCRETE
 No concrete shall be placed except in the
presence of a duly authorized representative of
the engineer.
 Prior to placing any concrete, the contractor shall
give the engineer 24 hours written notice
 Concrete shall not be placed when unsuitable
heat or wind condition will prevent proper
placement and curing
 Placing of concrete with a free drop or fall more
that 1.20 m (4 ft) shall not be allowed, except
when approved by the engineer and when
approve sheet metal conduit, pipes or elephant
trunk are employed
QC for CONCRETE
Slump test – is the simplest way to assess the workability

of a mix of fresh concrete. a low slump could indicate
unworkable concrete and a high slump with too much
water and hence insufficient strength
Slumped cone 16mm  x 610mm

steel tamping rod
100 mm
Slumped
300 mm
Slumped concrete
sample
200 mm 39plate
Base
CURING OF CONCRETE
 Concrete shall be covered by burlap mats which shall be kept

wet with water with the duration of the curing period
 Concrete shall be covered with moist earth, not less than 4
hours not more than 24 hours after the concrete is placed.
 Whenever possible, water shall be sprayed directly into the
surface and worker shall apply water to concrete surface
intermittently
QC for FORMWORKS
FORMWORKS
 Forms are employed to mold
concrete to a desired shape and
smoothness as specified in the
plans.
 They are constructed so that
concrete slabs, walls, and other
members will be of correct sizes,
dimensions, shape, alignment,
elevation and positions.
 Forms should be checked for
tightness and bolding during pouring
operations and any loose tie wire or
bolts should be tightened.
REMOVAL OF FORMS
 Forms for roof slab and above

ground floor slab, shall remain
in place until test cylinder for
the roof concrete attain a
minimum comprehensive
strength of 15.5 Mpa (2250 Psi)
 Time required to establish said
strength will be determined by
conducting several test. If time
determined is more than the
seven days minimum, then it
shall be used as the minimum
length of time.
QC for MASONRY
Sample and verify that the following materials
are delivered to laboratory for testing when
required by project specifications:
 Concrete block or brick
 Aggregates and cement for mortar and grout
 Reinforcing steel as delivered
Storage of Materials
 Check that cement, lime, block and brick are supported
on pallets and covered to protect from exposure to
excessive moisture or drying.
 Check that aggregates for mortar and grout are stored
free from contamination and in such a manner as to
minimize segregation.
QC for MASONRY
Preparation for Lay-Up
 Verify size and spacing of reinforcing dowels.
 Verify that foundation concrete is clean and prepared
as required by specifications.
Lay-Up or Placing of Masonry Units

 Verify that cleanouts are provided for first course of
each pour.
 Check plumb and lay-up configuration.
 Check moisture condition of masonry units.
 Verify that proper mortar ingredients and batching
techniques are being used and prepare mortar
compression test specimens.
QC for MASONRY
• Check horizontal reinforcing steel placing:
 Placed at correct course, laps as specified.
 Check whether laps are staggered in bond beams and
corners as required.
 Check lintel bars over openings.
 Check hooks, if called for in jambs.
 Check ties in piers, diameter, spacing, and properly
fastened.
• Check vertical reinforcing steel:
 Check bars at jambs, corners and piers, and typical
wall steel.
 Check whether tied at top and bottom, and as
required by project specifications.
QC for MASONRY
Grouting Observations
 Verify that cells and starting beds are
clean.
 Check whether dowels, anchor bolts and
inserts are all in place particularly at
rooflines, floor lines and intersecting wall
lines.
 Check installation of cleanout closures.
 Check grout mix and admixture required,
etc.
 Check slump in accordance with the
specifications.
 Check that grout is stopped below top for
keying where required. 46
QC for MASONRY
Grouting Observations
 Verify mechanical vibrating during

placement, and later during
reconsolidation.
 Continuous observation is required
during grouting operations.
 Prepare grout specimens in
absorbent form, or as specified, for
laboratory testing.
 Check that curing requirements are
being followed.
QC for CARPENTRY
Observations Duties
 The inspection shall focus on the

grade-stamped indicating type,
grade, and mill for each piece of
lumber and plywood delivered and
used and shall be checked against
specifications.
 For the delivery, storage and
handling, the PE/FI should see to it
that these materials are kept in dry
place and there is provision for air
circulation around and between
stacks of wood products.
QC for PAINTING
 Concrete and masonry surface shall

be cured within 30 days prior to
painting, before application of paint
 Surface should be tested for alkali, if
alkali is present, surface shall be
neutralized as recommended by the
manufacturer of paint material
applied
 Metal surfaces, including galvanized
ferrous metal surface shall be
penetrated with approved phosphoric
acid etching cleaner
 Paint shall not be applied when
temperature is likely to be above 320
MATERIALS SAMPLING & TESTING;
MINIMUM TESTING REQUIREMENTS
Is the process of selecting a part (sample), which will be used to judge

the whole (lot). Sampling of construction materials should be done on the
delivered materials at the project site and not in the place where it was
purchase.
Sampling of materials shall be in accordance with the Standard

Sampling Procedures to obtained a true representative of a lot and based
on the minimum testing requirements as prescribed for the item of works.
The quantity of representative sample to be brought to a testing

laboratory should be adequate and meets the requirements for the sizes,
shapes and part of the material where it should be taken to obtain a reliable
test results in the conduct of the required physical and chemical analysis of
a material that will subjected for testing.
Two (2) Major Groups of Construction Materials based
on Feasibility of Sampling and Testing:
GROUP I - Pre-fabricated Structure or Component of

structure materials. This group are sampled at
the point of origin only, as it is not practical to do
so at the point of delivery.
Example : - Structural Steel, Bailey Bridge

Panel, Metal Culvert Pipe, etc…
GROUP II - Manufactures, processed or natural
product materials in this group can be
sampled at the point of origin and
delivery.
Example : Portland Cement , Asphalt

Cement, Reinforcing Steel Bar,
Concrete Mix, Gravel and
Sand, etc…
SAMPLING, TESTING AND INSPECTION REQUIREMENTS OF
PRE-FABRICATED STRUCTURE OR COMPONENT STRUCTURE
MATERIALS
If imported, the following shall be required :
- Bureau of Customs Certificate of Importation
- Mill Test Certificate and Shop Inspection Certificate
- Certificate of Inspection of material at point of delivery by
authorized government representative
If pre-fabricated locally, the following shall be required :
- Mill Test Certificate and Inspection Certificate
- Obtain samples of material at the factory by authorized

government representative before the material is cut or
fabricated into the finished size or part of the structure
- Certificate of Inspection of material at point of delivery by an

authorized government representative
PURPOSE OF TAKING SAMPLES FOR LABORATORY TESTING
 Source of Approval - Samples are taken and tested to provide

approval of a material source proposed by a contractor for a project.
 Job Control - Samples are taken on a day to day basis during

production or use of material, and include samples of material from
approved sources, production plants and at the project site. Job
Control samples are taken by the user to insure adequate quality
control.
 Acceptance - These are samples taken from a finished product to

determine compliance with the specifications. An example would be
pavement coring.The objective of acceptance sampling is to
determine a course action – reject or accept the work. Acceptance is
not a job control technique.
In soil sampling the following should be observed:
1. Use new clean containers to avoid contamination.
2. Seal filled containers with clean, dry, and tight fitting aids
3. Label container clearly and properly
 If samples are not truly representative, both sampling and testing

are complete waste of time as the test results will be of no value.
Laboratory testing involves much time and great expense, therefore,
considerable care and judgment must be exercised in sampling.
Types of Soil Materials & Method of Sampling
1. Undisturbed Soils
 are those obtained from the field with minimum disturbance
by using drilling equipment that provides clean hole before
insertion of thin walled tubes that is both the natural density
and moisture content are preserved as much as practicable.
 soil samples are obtained for investigation to determined the
properties of the materials necessary for the design analysis
of a structure.
Tests on Undisturbed Soils

a. Density e. Shear test
b. Permeability f. Hydrometer analysis
c. Consolidation g. Specific gravity

d. Tri - axial
2. Disturbed Soils
 are those obtained from the field thru manual sampling on the point of
sources and or at stockpiles for investigation purposes and
construction materials for use in the road and other structures.
Tests on Disturbed Soils
a. Wash and Grading Tests
b. Liquid Limit and Plastic Limit Tests
c. Moisture – Density Relation Test
d. Abrasion and Field density Tests
e. California Bearing Ratio ( CBR ) Test

Sampling from the Stockpiles
 Design a sampling plan when a sample is to be obtain from the stockpile

of delivered soil aggregate material. The sampling plan shall define the
number of samples necessary to represent lots and sub lots of specific
sizes.
 Sampling of soil aggregates in a big stockpile shall be done by taking
sample from the bottom, middle and top of the stockpile.
Sampling from a Roadway
 Sample units shall be selected by a random method from the

construction site. Obtain at least three (3) approximately equal
increments, selected at random from the unit being sampled, and
combined to form a field sample whose equal or exceeds the minimum
recommended size of samples.
 Take all the increments from the roadway for the full depth of the
material, taking care to exclude the underlying material.
Sampling from a Roadway Sampling from a Stockpile
REDUCING FIELD SAMPLES OF AGGREGATES TO TESTING SIZE
• METHOD A - MECHANICAL SPLITTER
Mechanical splitters are commonly available in sizes adequate for coarse

aggregate having the largest particle not over 37.5 mm (1-1/2 in.). For fine
aggregate, a splitter having chutes 13 mm (1/2 in.) wide will be satisfactory
when the entire sample will pass a 9.5 mm (3/8 in.) Sieve.
Mechanical Splitter
• METHOD B - QUARTERING
Apparatus:
1. Straightedge
scoop,
2. Shovel or trowel
3. Broom or brush
Shovel Straightedge scoop
& broom brush
Flattening Dividing
Quartered Sample
SAMPLING, TESTING AND INSPECTION REQUIREMENTS ON
MANUFACTURED, PROCESSED OR NATURAL PRODUCTS
 PRE-TESTING
 Pre-testing of material is applicable to materials manufactured in

bulk, such as portland cement, asphalt reinforcing steel bars,
etc…Arrangement shall be made with the concerned
implementing office to assign a Materials Technician who shall
obtain the necessary samples at the plant.
 If the result of the test is satisfactory, the Material Technician,

upon receipt of the test report, shall identify the stock
represented, witness the loading of the material and issue a
Pretesting Certificate.
 The material may be re-sampled at the point of delivery at the

option of the consignee especially if there are evidences of
deterioration or tampering. Otherwise, the Pretesting Certificate
shall be the basis of acceptance of the material.
 ACCEPTANCE TEST
The results of this test shall be the basis of acceptance of the
materials.
 RE-TEST OR REFEREE TEST

The results of this test shall be final.
In case the result of the acceptance test is unsatisfactory, the supplier shall
have the option to request a re-test at his own expense. The delivered
material shall be re-sampled by authorized government representative in
the presence of the supplier or his representative.
MINIMUM REQUIREMENTS FOR SUBMISSION OF SAMPLES
Materials Minimum Testing Minimum Qty./Vol. of
Matl’s. Requirements for Sample
Submitted
1. Cement 1 Sample per 2000 bags 10 kg
2. Asphaltic Matls. 1 Sample per 40 tonnes 5 L

or 200 drums
3. Asphalt Mix 1 Sample per 130 tonnes 20 kg
4. Aggregates 1 Sample per 1500 cu.m.

a. Coarse Agg. 70 kg
b. Fine Agg. 50 kg
5. Soil Agg. 1 Sample per 1500 cu.m.
a. Classification 20 kg
b. Routinary tests 50 kg
c. Moisture Density
Relation & CBR 50 kg
6. Non-Reinforced
Concrete Pipe 2 Pipes min./0.5% of no. of Pipes 2 pipes
7. Reinforced Conc. Pipe 1 Sample per 50 pipes or
2% of no. of pipes 1 pipe (1 m length)
8. Steel Pipe (Galvanized) 1 Sample per 500 m length 2 pcs. of 100 mm long
taken from both ends
w/o thread
9. Conc. Hollow Blocks 1 Sample per 10,000 units
a. Complete test 6 units

b. Strength 3 units
c. Moisture Content 3 units
10. Steel Bar 1 Sample per 10,000 kgs. 1 meter
11. Steel Sheet (Galvanized) 1 Sample per 1,000 sheets 1 sheet
12. Wire Strand (Strap) 2 meters
13. Gabions 1 m x 2m
14. Paints 1 Sample per 100 cans 1 ( 4L can)

1 ( 20L can)
15. Joint Filler ( Pre-mold ) 1 ( 400 mm x 400 mm )
16. Curing Compound 1 liter
17. Concrete Cylinder 1 Set of 3 cylinders 1 set of 3 cylinders

for every 75 cu.m. ( 6” x 12” )
18. Concrete Beam 1 Set of 3 beams for 1 set of 3 beams

every 75 cu.m ( 6” x 21” )
19. Concrete Core 6 cores for every
kilometer -
20. Asphalt Cores 1 core for every 100 meter -
21. Water Analysis
a. Chemical Analysis 500 ml

b. Sediment Analysis 500 ml
22. Structural Steel Sheet Reduced Section

(as prescribed)
Requirements for Submission of Soils and Soil Aggregates
Material / Tests Minimum Testing Minimum Quantity

Required Requirements of Sample
Soil & Soil Q- 1 (s) per 1500
Aggregates cu.m.
a. Classification 20 kg.
b. Routinary 50 kg.
c. Compaction &
CBR 50 kg.
mpling for Acceptance of Completed Asphalt Pavement
 Samples shall be cut at full depth of the finished pavement for

testing by sawing or core drilling. Sawed and cored samples
shall be squared at least 150 mm x 150 mm or cored at 100
mm diameter, respectively.
 At least one, but not more than three (3) samples shall be taken
for each full day’s operation.
 If no core samples were taken during the day’s operation, core
sample shall be taken from the completed pavement for every
100 lm. per lane.
 No acceptance and final payment shall be made on completed

asphalt pavement unless core test for thickness density
determination is conducted.
Sampling of Cement
10 kilograms or 1 bag of cement to be taken on
delivered 2000 bags of cement in the project
site
Sampling of Reinforcing Steel Bars

1 meter long taken at the job site representing
delivered
10,000 kgs.
MAKING AND CURING CONCRETE FLEXURAL TESTS
SPECIMENS (PAVING CONCRETE)
Standard Size of Molds for Concrete Specimens :

Beam Molds : Rectangular in shape having 152 mm x 152 mm
x 533 mm ( 6 in. x 6 in. x 21 in. )
Molding of Concrete Specimens for Beam
No. of Layers No. of Strokes/Layer Diameter of Rod
Beam 2 equal one (1) for each 2 in.2 16 mm ( 5/8 in. )

( 13 cm2 ) top surface area
Molding of Concrete Specimens for Beam
CORE DRILLING ON COMPLETED ASPHALT AND CONCRETE
PAVEMENT AND TESTS ON DRILLED CORES
Significance :
Core drilling on the completed asphalt and concrete pavements is conducted
to determine the compliance of both pavement construction with design
specifications.
It is especially important in determining the in-place thickness, the strength

and density of the completed structures whichever is desired as basis for the
acceptance and payment of the completed works.
Requirements for Obtaining of Cores in the Completed Pavement
Asphalt Pavement Concrete Pavement
Thickness determination One-core for every Five-cores for every

100 lm / lane km /lane
Diameter of core, mm 100 mm ( 4 in. ) 100 mm ( 4 in. )

Asphalt Pavement Concrete Pavement
Strength Determination - three-cores representing area

of concrete with strength
deficiency in control specimens
Diameter of core - 150 mm ( 6 in. )
Density of Compacted one-core per -

Pavement 100 lm / lane
No. of measurement for

determining the average four ( 4 ) nine (9)
thickness of core
QAU Form No.8
Date: June 08, 2013, Issue No.2
REPUBLIC OF THE PHILIPPINES
DEPARTMENT OF PUBLIC WORKS AND HIGHWAYS
OFFICE OF THE SECRETARY
MANILA
Worksheet for PCCP Core Thickness Determination

Implementing Office : Date sampled :
Report Project No. : Designed Thickness :
Project I.D. :
CORE SAMPLE Thickness (cm)

No.
Identification Station/Location 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Center Average
Actual
1
Corrected
Actual
2
Corrected
Actual
3
Corrected
Actual
4
Corrected
Actual
5
Corrected
Actual
6
Corrected
Actual
7
Corrected
Actual
8
Corrected
Actual
9
Corrected
Prepared/Cored by: Conformed:
QAU - BRS Representative QAU - BOC/BOD Representative QAU - Regional Office Implementing Office Representative
Representative
QAU Form No.9
MANILA
WORKSHEET ON ACP CORE THICKNESS and DENSITY DETERMINATION
Implementing Office : Date sampled:

Report Project No. : Designed Thickness:
Project I.D. :
A B C D E F G H I J K L M
Standard Lab
Compacted
WEIGHT IN WEIGHT WEIGHT IN BULK DEGREE OF
AVERAGE Specimen
THICKNESS (cm) AIR SSD WATER SP.GRAVITY COMPACTION
SAMPLE ID STATION THICKNESS LAB DENSITY
(cm) (AASHTO T16)
H %
grams grams grams g/cc
1 2 3 4 I-J L/M x 100
Prepared/Submitted by: Conformed:
QAU - BRS Representative QAU - BOC/BOD Representative QAU - Regional Office Implementing Office
Representative Representative
QAU Form No.7
MANILA
WORKSHEET ON COMPRESSIVE STRENGTH DETERMINATION OF CONCRETE CORE

Report Project No. : Required Strength :
Project I.D. :
Cross
Length/ Comp. Corr. Comp.
CORE SAMPLE Diameter Sectional Unit load Corr.
No. Height L/D Area Strength Strength Remarks
Factor
Identification Station/Location (Cm) (Cm) (Cm2) (KN) (Mpa) (Mpa)
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
Sampled/Cored by: Conformed:
QAU - BRS Representative QAU - BOC/BOD Representative QAU - Regional Office Implementing Office Representative
Representative
QAU Form No.10
Date: June 08, 2013, Is s ue No.2
MANILA
WORKSHEET ON TEST PITTING

Report Project No. : Location :
Project I.D. :
Thickness (Cm)
No. Station/Location of Test Pit Item 200 Item 201 Item 300 Remarks
Plan Actual Plan Actual Plan Actual
Prepared by:
QAU - BRS Representative QAU - BOC/BOD Representative QAU - Regional Office

Representative
Conformed:
Implementing Office
Representative
1
8 2
3
7
9
6 4
MEASUREMENT OF DRILLED CONCRETE CORE FOR THICKNESS

DETERMINATION
Sampling and testing of Structural Concrete
• As work progresses, at least one (1) sample consisting of

three (3) concrete cylinder test specimens; 150 mm x 300
mm (6 x 12 inches), shall be taken from each 75 cubic
meters of each class of concrete or fraction thereof placed
each day.
• the cylinder shall be prepared, cured and tested at the

specified date.
MAKING AND CURING CONCRETE COMPRESSIVE
TESTS SPECIMENS
Standard Size of Molds for Concrete Specimens :
Cylinder Molds : Right Circular Cylinder in shape having 152 mm

( 6 in. ) in diameter and 305 mm ( 12 in. ) in height
Molding of Concrete Specimens for Cylinder
No. of Layers No. of Strokes/Layer Diameter of Rod
Cylinder 3 equal 25 16 mm ( 5/8 in. )

Molding of Concrete Specimens for Cylinder
Sampling for Concrete Hollow Blocks (CHB)
Complete test (Quality test) _ _ _ _ _ _ six (6) pcs.
For Strength Test _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ three (3) pcs.
Moisture Content _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ three (3) pcs.

WHAT IS MATERIALS TESTING ?
 is the basic means or a tool by which an engineer or an inspector

can be used to determined whether the materials should be allowed to
be incorporated or be rejected into the work.
 It is a documented proof of the quality of materials indicating it

meets or it fails the desired properties as called for in the specifications
requirements of an approved contract.
 There can be no quality assurance without adequate quality control at

the source or manufacturer or at construction, therefore testing is a
tool for measuring quality control in project implementation.
WHAT IS THE IMPORTANCE OF MATERIALS
TESTING
Engineers do not guess !!!
Testing is an important complement of quality

control in engineering works
Materials testing is not done by sight or other means without the

benefit of laboratory tests. If it is done by sight, it is pure and simple
guessing.
 So without testing even in the field or in the laboratory, no one can

state definitely if the quality of materials is satisfied or not, even the
expert.
WHY WE NEED TO KNOW & LEARN TESTING
- Project Engineers, Materials Engineers and Laboratory

Technicians who are involved in the implementation of various
infrastructures needs to learn & know testing technology in
construction materials to enhance and strength their capabilities
in the implementation of Quality Assurance Program in a project.
WHAT BENEFITS WILL YOU ACQUIRED IN LEARNING
MATERIALS TESTING
 Recognize the basic technologies in testing of construction
materials.
 Identify and familiarize the required tests on specific

construction materials
 Identify and understand the basic properties of materials
 Understand the significance of tests on the materials
 Aware of the importance of materials testing in project

implementation
 Perform effectively field/laboratory sampling and testing of
construction materials in accordance with the standard
methods/procedures.
 Familiarize in the application of the proper method of

sampling of materials in the field and laboratory
 Identify and familiarize in all laboratory testing apparatus /

equipment for materials sampling and testing
 Learn and familiarize standard methods and procedures of

laboratory testing of various construction materials
 Learn to check the accuracy and proper maintenance of

laboratory testing apparatus/equipment
 Evaluate, analyze and interpret test results of construction
materials for the purpose of acceptance and rejection.
 Learn proper computation and check result of tests

performed
 Know the proper reporting system of test reports
 Understand the application of materials standard

specifications based on the result of tests
 Learn how to analyze and evaluate result of tests

indicated on official test reports from testing laboratories
 Learn the proper recommended measures in the

acceptance or rejection of materials
HOW MATERIALS IS REPRESENTED
BY A TEST
The usual procedure is to make a test for a certain quantity of materials

representing the quantities to be incorporated into the work or in
accordance with the minimum testing requirements prescribed in
each project.
When the Testing of Materials be Conducted
An aspect of testing which is very important and most often

overlook is when testing should be conducted.
Testing of material is conducted prior to incorporation into the

work.
If the test is not conducted at the proper time, there is no quality

control since it will then be too late to correct anything that is
defective.
If someone will attempt to evaluate the quality of materials without

testing he is taking a big risk because he is guessing.
INTERPRETATION, ACCEPTANCE/REJECTION
AND APPLICATION OF TEST RESULTS

INTERPRETATION OF MATERIALS TEST
RESULTS
Who will interpret the materials test results?
- It is the responsibility of the Materials Engineer assigned in

the project either from the contractor, consultant or from
the owner to interpret the test results correctly and
accurately
- Interpretation of materials test reports needs familiarization
of materials specifications and a lot of experienced in
materials testing and quality control works
- Project Engineers/Inspectors must also have the ability to

interpret and evaluate test reports of materials and must not
always depend in their Materials Engineer, hence, they
have the great responsibility in the implementation of the
project
How to Interpret the Result of Tests on Materials
 The composition and properties of a material is individually
verified when it is subjected to a quality test to verify if it
meets or fails the specification requirement prior to incorporation
into the work
 The contents of the test reports of materials will be the

basis of an engineer for the acceptance or rejection of the
delivered materials in the project site. It is the documented proof
that determined the quality of materials
 When the contents of the test reports after proper interpretation

shows that it fails or meets the specifications requirement, the
Project Engineer thru the advise of the Materials Engineer shall
immediately act to whether utilized or not the delivered materials
to avoid delay in the project implementation
 The rejection or utilization of a material depends on the
outcome of test results. A material may fail in one or more
of its properties but still can be utilized into the work thru
the application of alternative measures and Engineers should
have good judgment and in-depth knowledge on the
properties of the materials
Example:
Soil aggregates sample fails to meet grading and plasticity

requirements
Reinforcing steel bars failed to meet variation in mass requirement
Cement failed to meet loss ignition or insoluble residue requirement
 Engineers should familiarize in the significant properties of

materials so that they can immediately decide in the
acceptance or rejection. Incorrect interpretation of material
test reports can cause delay in the project implementation,
additional cost and failure of the structure
BUREAU OF RESEARCH AND STANDARDS
EDS A, Diliman, Quezon City
Lab. Re port No.:
TEST REPORT ON REINFORCING STEEL Date
Project : Construction of Curb & Gutter Brgy. Poblacion, Ibaan, Batangas

:
Kind of material : Reinforcing Steel Bar (12 mm dia., deformed )
Sample identification : Q-405-01
Quantity represented : 7808.45 kgs.
Sampled at : Jobsite
Original source : Steel Asia
Supplied by : MelJean Construction Corporation
Proposed use : For Concrete Reinforcement ( Dowels )
Spec's Item No. : AASHTO M-31 Grade 40
Sampled by : P. B. Suarez,Prec. Inst. Tech. II DPWH-Bats. 4th DEO,Lipa City 4-03-06
(Name & designation) (Office) (Date)
Submitted by : B. B. Villanueva,Eng'r. II - do - 4-19-06
(Name & designation) (Office) (Date Received)
Lab. No. : 1301-06 ( Paid under OR #2595063 )
TESTS REQUIREMENTS RESULTS

Tensile Properties:
Yield Point, Mpa 276 Min. 345
Tensile Strength, Mpa 483 Min. 483
Elongation, % 12 Min. 12
Bending Properties: No cracking on outside Satisfactory
Degree bent, 180 degrees bent portion
Actual Unit mass, kg/m - 0.868
Variation in mass, % 6.0 Max. under nominal mass 13.0 under nominal mass *
Deformation, mm
Spacing, average 8.9 Max. 7.9
Height, average 0.51 Min. 0.60
Gap 4.9 Max 4.0
Phosphorous Content, % 0.06 Max. 0.01
REMARKS : * Sample fails to meet variation in mass requirement.
Te s te d by : Che cke d by:
T. Urmaza
S. Orate CLARITA C. FLORES
J. Tagalo Engine e r V
J. B e rgonio
C. de la Cruz ATTESTED :
Witnessed by:
B ASILIA S. VILLANUEVA ANTONIO V. MOLANO, JR.

Engine e r IV Dire ctor IV
Department of Public Works and Highways
EDSA, Diliman, Quezon City
Lab. Re port No.: 6-84-06

27 June 2006
TEST REPORT ON REINFORCING STEEL Date
Const. Of 2 Storey RGR Type Sch. Bldg. At Dona Ma. Platon Laurel, Aya, Talisay, Bats.
Project : Const. Of Circumferential Road Around Lake Taal, Agoncillo, Bats.
Completion of Aya-Tranca-Talisay Road, Talisay, Bats.
Kind of material : Reinforcing Steel Bar ( 16 mm dia., deformed )
Sample identification : DMP- 5
Quantity represented : 10,000 kgs.
Sampled at : Stockpile at jobsite
Original source : Top Steel
Supplied by : Revere Construction & Supply
Proposed use : for concrete reinforcement
Spec's Item No. : PNS 49 Grade 275 NW
Sampled by : F. Opena,Lab. Tech. II DPWH-Bats. 3rd DEO 06-08-06
Submitted by : Ma. B. M. Marquez - do - 6-14-06
(Name & designation) (Office) (Date Received)
Lab. No. : 1718-06 ( Paid under OR No. 2595342 )
TESTS REQUIREM ENTS RESULTS

Tensile Properties:
Yield Point, Mpa 275 Min. 277
Tensile Strength, Mpa 480 Min, 410 *
Elongation, % 10 Min. 27
Bending Properties: No cracking on outside Satisfactory
Degree bent, 180 degrees bent portion
Actual Unit mass, kg/m - 1.508
Variation in mass, % 6 Max. under nominal mass 4.0 under nominal mass
Deformation, mm
Spacing, average 11.1 Max. 10.5
Height, average 0.7 - 1.4 1.15
Gap 12.6 Max 12.2
Phosphorous Content, % 0.06 Max. 0.01
REM ARKS : Sample fails to meet specification
Te s te d by : Che cke d by:

T. Urmaza
A. Empe rador
J. B e rgonio CLARITA C. FLORES
C. de la Cruz ATTESTED :
Witnessed by:
Lab. Report No.:
(Date)
REPORT ON CONCRETE MASONRY UNITS
: Construction of 2 Storey RGR Type Sch. Bldg. At Dona Ma. Platon Laurel, Aya, Talisay, Bats.
nit : Concrete Hollow Blocks (Non Load Bearing) 4" thick
epresented : 10,000 pcs.
t : Stockpile at jobsite
ource : Allied
y : REVERE Construction & Supply
use : for walling
m No. : ASTM C-129 ( Non- Load Bearing )
y : N. Magnaye Revere Cons't. & Supply 06-08-06
F. Opena,Lab. Tech. II DPWH-Bats. 3rd DEO 06-08-06
by : Ma. B. M. Marquez - do - 6-16-06
(Name & designation) (Office) (Date received)
: 1720- 06 ( Paid under OR No. 2595342 )
PLE I.D. TESTS REQUIREM ENTS RESULTS
MP-9 Dimension Measurement, mm

Width
1 - 96
2 - 96
3 - 98
Length
1 - 400
2 - 408
3 - 410
Height
1 - 195
2 - 190
3 - 195
Compressive Strength, MN/m 2
Individual Unit
1 3.45 Min. 1.89
2 3.45 Min. 1.98
3 3.45 Min. 1.88
Average of three(3) units 4.14 Min. 1.92

Water Absorption,kg/m 3 (Avg. of 3 units) - 128
Moisture Content, %(Avg .of 3 units) - 19
S : Sample fails to meets specification requirements.
Che cke d by:
y :
T. Urmaza
A. Emperador CLARITA C. FLORES
J. Bergonio ATTESTED:
d by :
Department of Public Works And Highways
Lab. Report No. : 8-29-06

04 August 2006
Date
TEST REPORT ON PORTLAND CEMENT
Project : Concreting of Road, Barangay II, San Carlos City, Negros Occidental
Sample identification : CRBII-01
Quantity represented : 2000 bags
Sampled at : Jobsite
Manufactured by : Taiheiyo Cement Phils., Inc., San Fernando, Cebu City
Brand : Grand Portland Cement
Supplied by : Kuntel Construction
Spec's Item No. : ASTM C-150
Sampled by : R.dela Cruz/J.Yanson DPWH-Neg. 1st EDO/Kuntel Const. 6-16-06
: (Name & designation) (Office) (Date)
Submitted by : N.A. Noble-Engr. III DPWH-Neg. 1st EDO Neg. Occ. 6-20-06
: (Name & designation) (Office) (Date received)
Lab. No. : 1741-06 (Paid under OR # 2595384)
Magnesium Oxide (MgO), % 6.0 Max. 1.30
Sulfur Trioxide (SO 3), % 3.0 Max. 2.47
Loss on Ignition, % 3.0 Max. 4.70*
Insoluble Residue, % 0.75 Max. 1.10*
Air Content of Mortar, % 12.0 Max. -
Fineness : Amount Passing
No. 0.075 mm Sieve, % - 99
Autoclave Expansion, % 0.8 Max. 0.03
Time of Setting : Gilmore Test
Initial set, min. 60 Min. 120
Final set, min. 600 Max. 253
Compressive Strength, Avg. mortar
cubes, Mpa:
3 days 12.0 Min. 19.0
7 days 19.0 Min. 17.5
28 days 28.0 Min. 23.0
Specific Gravity - 3.09
REMARKS: * Sample fails to meet Specification requirements.
Tested by: Checked by:
P. Malonzo
B.A. Minano
E. Cruz CLARITA C. FLORES
E. Flores Engineer V
M. S. Gianan ATTESTED :
Witnessed by:
Republic of the Philippine s
Departme nt of Public Works And Highways
EDSA, Diliman, Que zon City
Lab. Re port No. : 8-30-06

04 Augus t 2006
Date
Proje ct : Concreting/Improvement of Matulatula-Sitio Bahid Farm to Market Road

Sample ide ntification : Q.T.-1; Code: 05100049002
Quantity re pre s e nte d : 2000 bags
Sample d at : Jobsite
M anufacture d by : Iligan Cement Corp.
Brand : Fortune Portland Cement
Supplie d by : Sixteen Enterprises - Calapan City, Or. Mindoro
Spe c's Ite m No. : ASTM C-150
Sample d by : M.V. Mendoza-Lab. Tech. I DPWH-Calapan City 6-20-06
: (Name & de s ignation) (Office ) (Date )
Submitte d by : A. Mahia- Engr. III -do- 6-21-06
: (Name & de s ignation) (Office ) (Date re ce ive d)
TESTS REQUIREM ENTS RESULTS
M agne s ium Oxide (M gO), % 6.0 Max. 1.52
Los s on Ignition, % 3.0 Max. 2.80
Ins oluble Re s idue , % 0.75 Max. 0.70
Air Conte nt of M ortar, % 12.0 Max. -
Fine ne s s : Amount Pas s ing
No. 0.075 mm Sie ve , % - 98
Autoclave Expans ion, % 0.8 Max. 0.04
Time of Se tting : Gilmore Te s t
Initial s e t, min. 60 Min. 120
Final s e t, min. 600 Max. 213
Compre s s ive Stre ngth, Avg. mortar
cube s , M pa:
3 days 12.0 Min. 21.7
7 days 19.0 Min. 27.7
28 days 28.0 Min. -
Spe cific Gravity - 3.11
REM ARKS: Sample meets Specification
Te s te d by: Che cke d by:
P. M alonzo
B.A. M inano
E. Cruz CLARITA C. FLORES
E. Flore s Engine e r V
M . S. Gianan ATTESTED :
Witne s s e d by:
EUGENIO P. ELERIA ANTONIO V. MOLANO, JR.

Engine e r IV Director IV
Lab. Re port No. : 8-77-06

14 Augus t 2006
Date
Proje ct : Const.of Water Supply/Spring development @Taysan Bats./San Jose Bats.

: and Brgy. Talisay, Lipa City
Sample ide ntification : Q-405-01
Quantity re pre s e nte d : 2000 bags
Sample d at : Jobsite
Manufacture d by : Fortune Cement Corp.
B rand : Fortune Portland Cement
Supplie d by : Nermar Lumber and Hardware Corp.
Spe c's Ite m No. : ASTM C-150
Sample d by : P.B.Suarez-Prec.Inst.Tech.II Bats.4th DEO 7-07-06
: (Name & de s ignation) (Office ) (Date )
Submitte d by : B.B.Villanueva-Engr.II -do- 7-07-06
: (Name & de s ignation) (Office ) (Date re ce ive d)
Magne s ium Oxide (MgO), % 6.0 Max. 1.66
Los s on Ignition, % 3.0 Max. 3.50*
Ins oluble Re s idue , % 0.75 Max. 0.90*
Air Conte nt of Mortar, % 12.0 Max. -
Fine ne s s : Amount Pas s ing
No. 0.075 mm Sie ve , % - 98
Autoclave Expans ion, % 0.8 Max. 0.03
Time of Se tting : Gilmore Te st
Initial s e t, min. 60 Min. 134
Final s e t, min. 600 Max. 254
Compre s s ive Stre ngth, Avg. mortar
cube s , Mpa:
3 days 12.0 Min. 20.5
7 days 19.0 Min. 21.7
28 days 28.0 Min. -
Spe cific Gravity - 3.12
Strength of mortar samples tested at 3 days and 7 days can be considered for acceptance,
provided that the strength of sample at 7 days is not less than 23.46 MPA w/c is 85%
of the compressive strength requirement for 28 days (27.6 MPA) D.O. No.57
REM ARKS: * Sample fails to meet Loss on Ignition & Insoluble residue requirement.
MINIMUM TESTING REQUIREMENTS
 The prescribed tests on the construction materials

to be used in a project based on approved contract
quantities
 The requirements which specify the kind and

number of tests for each pay item of works
 It should emphasized that what are specified are the

minimum number of testing only. Additional number
of test can be require to the materials if the
owner/inspector is in doubt of the quality of
materials or the finished structure
The governing Minimum Test Requirements of Items of Works in
the 2013 DPWH Standard Specifications for Highways, Bridges
and Airports is still based on the Revised Schedule per
Memorandum dated 25 January 1989 signed by Secretary Fiorello
R. Estuar.
ITEM 102 – EXCAVATION and
ITEM 103 - STRUCTURE EXCAVATION
Minimum Testing Requirements:
* If excavated materials are wasted, the volume involved shall be
reported, so that quality control requirements may be adjusted
accordingly. Submit Project Engineer Certificate of Waste
* If excavated materials are to be incorporated into the work:
Tests:
For every 1500 m3 of fraction thereof:
1 – G, Grading Test
1 – P, Plasticity Test ( LL. PL. PI )
1 – C, Laboratory Compaction Test
For every layer of 150 mm of compacted depth/based on the
results of compaction trials;
At least one group of three in-situ density tests for each 500 m2 or
fraction thereof
ITEM 104 - EMBANKMENT
Tests:
For every 1500 m3 or fraction thereof:
1 – P, Plasticity Test ( LL, PL, PI )
For each 500 m2 of each layer of compacted fill or fraction

thereof at least one group of three in-situ density tests.
The layers shall be placed not exceeding 200 mm in loose
measurement or based on the result of compaction trials.
ITEM 200 – AGGREGATE SUBBASE COURSE

Tests:
For every 300 m3 or fraction thereof :
1 – P, Plasticity Test ( LL, PL, PI )
1 - Q, Quality Test for : ( Grading, Plasticity and Abrasion )

1 – CBR, California Bearing Ratio Test
For every layer of 150 mm of compacted depth/based on
The results of compaction trials.
At least one group of three in-situ density tests for each
500 m2 or fraction thereof.
ITEM 201 – AGGREGATE BASE COURSE
Minimum Testing
Requirements:
Tests :
Same as in Item No. 200

ITEM 202 – CRUSHED AGGREGATE BASE COURSE
Tests:
Same as for Item 201 except:
1 – F, Fractured Face
ITEM 300 – AGGREGATE SURFACE COURSE
Minimum Testing Requirement:
Tests :
Same as in Item No. 202

ITEM 307 – BITUMINOUS PLANT-MIX SURFACE
COURSE - GENERAL
A. Aggregates
Tests:
For every 75 m3 / 200 t or fraction thereof:
1 – G & P, Grading and Plasticity Tests

1 – Q, Quality Test for: ( Grading, Plasticity,
Abrasion, Stripping and Bulk Specific Gravity )
1 – F, Fractured Face
B. Bituminous Materials
Quantity: 5.0 to 8.0 mass % of total aggregate
Tests: 1 – Q, Quality Test for each 40 T or fraction
thereof
C. Mix
Tests: For every 75 m3 / 130 T or fraction thereof:
1 – Ext., Extraction
1 – Sty., Stability
1 – C, Laboratory Compaction
D. Hydrated Lime
Tests: For every 100 t or fraction thereof:
1 – Q, Quality Test
E. Mineral Filler
Tests: For every 75 m3 or fraction thereof:
1 – G & P, Grading and Plasticity Tests

( LL, PL, PI )
F. Compacted Pavement
Teats: For each full day’s operation:
D & T ( Density and Thickness Tests )- at least

one (1) but not more than three (3) samples shall
be taken.
ITEM 310 – BITUMINOUS CONCRETE SURFACE
COURSE, HOT-LAID
Tests for Aggregates, Bituminous Materials, Mix,

Hydrated Lime, Mineral Filler and Compacted Pavement
Same as in Item 307

ITEM 311 – PORTLAND CEMENT CONCRETE PAVEMENT
A. Cement
Quantity: 9.00 bags / m3 ( 40 kg / bag )
Tests : For every 2000 bags or fraction thereof:
B. Fine Aggregates
Quantity : 1. 0.50 m /m3 ( if rounded course aggregate is used )
2. 0.54 m3/m3( if angular course aggregate is used )
Tests : For every 1500 m3 or fraction thereof:

a. For a source not yet tested, or failed in previous
quality test:
1 – Q, Quality Test for: Grading, Elutriation

( Wash ) Bulk Specific Gravity, Absorption,
Mortar Strength, Soundness, Organic Content,
Unit Weight, % Clay Lumps and Shale.
b. For a source previously tested and passed quality test:
1 – Q, Quality Test for: Grading, Elutriation (Wash),

Bulk Specific Gravity, Absorption and Mortar Test

C. Course Aggregate
Quantity: 1. 0.77 m3/m3 concrete ( if rounded coarse aggregate

is used )
2. 0.68 m3/m3 concrete ( if angular is used )

a. For a source previously tested and passed quality tests:
1 – Q, Quality Test for: Grading, Bulk Specific Gravity,
Absorption, Abrasion, Soundness and Unit Weight
b. For a source previously tested and passed quality test:
1 – Q, Quality Test for : Grading, Bulk Specific Gravity,
Absorption and aBRASION
D. Water
Tests: 1 – Certificate from Project Engineer or

1 - Q, Quality Test, if source is questionable
E. Joint Filler
1. Poured Joint Filler

Tests: 1 – Q, Quality Test on each type of ingredient for each
shipment
2. Premolded Joint Filler

Tests: 1- Q, Quality Test on each thickness of filler for each
shipment
F. Special Curing Agent
Tests : 1 – Q, Quality Test for each shipment
G. Steel Bars
Tests : For every 10,000 kgs. or fraction thereof

for each size
1 – Q, Quality Test Bending, Tension and Chemical

Analysis
H. Concrete
Tests : Flexural Strength Test on Concrete Beam Samples
1 – set consisting of 3 beam samples shall represent a
330 m2 of pavement, 230 mm depth, or fraction
thereof placed each day. Volume of concrete not
more than 75 m3
I. Completed Pavement
Tests:
Thickness determination by concrete core drilling on

a lot basis
Five (5) holes per km per lane or five (5) holes per
500 m when two (2) lanes are poured concurrently.
ITEM 404 - REINFORCING STEEL
A. Bar reinforcement for concrete for every 10,000 kgs

or fraction thereof for each size:
1 – Q, Quality Test for Bending, Tension and

Chemical Analysis
B. Wire and Wire Mesh
ITEM 405 - STRUCTURAL CONCRETE
A. Cement : Quantity : ( 40 kg./bag )
Class A ----------- 9.0 bags / m3 of concrete
Class B ------------ 8.0 bags / m3 of concrete
Class C ------------ 9.5 bags / m3 of concrete
Class P ----------- 11.0 bags / m3 of concrete
Tests: For every 2000 bags or fraction thereof :
1 Q, - Quality Test
B. Fine Aggregate
Quantity :
For Rounded For Angular
Class A --- 0.50 m3/m3 of conc. 0.54 m3/m3 of concrete
Class B --- 0.45 m3/m3 of conc. 0.52 m3/m3 of concrete

Class C --- 0.53 m3/m3 of conc. 0.59 m3/m3 of concrete
Class P --- 0.44 m3/m3 of conc. 0.47 m3/m3 of concrete
a. For a source not yet tested or failed in previous quality test:
1 – Q Quality Test for : Grading, Elutriation (Wash), Bulk

Specific Gravity, Absorption, Mortar Strength,
Soundness, Organic Impurities, Unit Weight, % Clay
Lumps and Shale
b. For a source previously and passed quality test:
1 – Q Quality Test for : Grading, Elutriation (Wash), Bulk

Specific Gravity, Absorption and Mortar Strength
For every 75 cu.m. or fraction thereof:

C. Coarse Aggregate
Quantity:
For Rounded CA For Angular CA
Class A -----0.77 0.68 m3/m3 of concrete
Class B ---- 0.82 0.73 m3/m3 of concrete
Class C----- 0.70 0.68 m3/m3 of concrete
Class P----- 0.68 0.65 m3/m3 of concrete
Tests : For every 1500 m3 or fraction thereof:
a. For a source not yet tested or failed in previous quality test:
1 – Q, Quality Test for: Grading Bulk Specific Gravity,
Absorption, Abrasion, Soundness and Unit Weight
b. For a source previously tested and passed quality test

1 – Q, Quality Test for: Grading, Absorption, Bulk
Specific Gravity and Abrasion
D. Water
Tests:
1 – Certification from Project Engineer
1 – Q, Quality Test, if source is questionable
E. Premolded Filler for expansion joints
Tests:
1 – Q, Quality Test on each thickness of filler for each
shipment
F. Steel Reinforcement
Tests :
1 – Q, Quality Test for every 10,000 kgs. or fraction
thereof:
G. Concrete
Tests :
Compressive strength test on concrete cylinder samples.
One (1) set consisting of three (3) concrete cylinder
samples and to represent not more than 75 m3 of concrete
Or fraction thereof.
ITEM 411 - PAINT
Tests :
1 – Q, Quality , One 20 – L can for every 100 cans or
fraction thereof or
1 – Q, Quality, 4 – L can for every 100 cans or fraction
thereof
ITEM 500 – PIPE CULVERTS AND STORM DRAINS

A. Pipes
Tests: 1 – pipe for every 50 pieces ( Strength, Absorption,
and Dimension )
Alternative Requirements:
1 – set consisting of 3 – concrete cylinder samples for not
more than 25 pipes cast in the field and
1 – Inspection Report for each size for not more than
25 pipes cast in the field
B. Mortar for Joint

Tests: Cement, Fine Aggregates and Water – Same as
for Item 405
ITEM 505 – RIPRAP AND GROUTED RIPRAP
A. Cement
Quantity: 3 bags / m3
Tests : For every 2,000 bags or fraction thereof:
B. Fine Aggregates
Quantity : 0.17 m3/m3
C. Stone
Tests: Inspection Report
D. Water
Tests: 1 – Certificate from Project Engineer or
1 – Q, Quality Test, if source is questionable

ITEM 506 – STONE MASONRY
A. Cement
Quantity: 2 bags of cement / m3

Tests: Same as in Item 505
B. Fine Aggregates
Quantity and Tests: Same as in Item 505
C. Stone
D. Water

ITEM 509 - SHEET PILES
A. Timber Sheet Piles
Tests: Inspection Report
B. Concrete Sheet Piles
Tests: Concrete – same as in Item 405

Reinforcing Steel Bar - same as in Item 404
C. Steel Sheet Piles
Tests: 1- Q, Quality Test or Mill Certificate for each

type of materials used
1 – Inspection Report for each type and shipment

of metal used
ITEM 511 – GABIONS AND MATTRESSES
A. Wire Mesh Basket
Tests: 1 – Q, Quality Test for each shipment

( Tensile Strength, Diameter of Body &
Selvedge Wire and Weight of Coating-Zinc )
B. Rock Fill
Tests: 1 – Soundness Test for each source

1 - Inspection Report on Rocks used
C. Lacing Wire and Stiffener
Test: 1 – Tensile Strength and Diameter for each shipment

ITEM 704 – MASONRY UNITS
Tests: 1 – Q, Quality Test for every 10,000 units or
fraction thereof ( Compression, Absorption
and Dimension )
ITEM 709 - PAINTS
Tests:
1 – Q, One (1) 20-L can for every 100 cans or fraction

thereof or
1 – Q, One (1) 4-L can for every 100 cans or fraction

thereof
ITEM 712 - STRUCTURAL METAL
Tests:
1 – Q, Quality Test or Mill Certificate for each type

of materials used
1 - Inspection Report for each type and shipment of

metal used
Quality Control Program (QCP)
- A program of quality control works in a certain

project which involve inspection and testing of
materials to be incorporated into a work.
- It specifies the minimum number of tests required for

an item of work which corresponds to the quantities
stated in the approved Program of Work of a project
- It is prepared by the concerned Materials Engineer of

the owner and be approved by the Project Engineer
assigned in the project.
QUALITY CONTROL PROGRAM
Project: Restoration of Nueva Ecija – Pangasinan Road, Sta. 3+930 to
Sta. 14+360, Nueva Ecija
A. Tests to be Performed
Item No. Description Unit Quantity No. of Test (Min.)
103 (1) Structure Excavation cu.m. 41 None
103 (6) Exc. For Pipe Culverts cu.m. 85 None
104 (1) Emb. From Rd. Excavation cu.m. 659 GPC – 1, D-7
1O4 (2) Emb. From Borrow cu.m. 1657 GPC –1, D-17
105 (1) Subgrade Preparation sq.m. 21,808 GPC –3, D-44
200 (1) Agg. Subbase Course cu.m. 4811 GP-16, C-4, D-64,
Q-4, CBR-2
201 Agg. Base Course cu.m. 7474 GP-25, C-5, Q-5,
D -100, CBR-3
311 PCCP sq. m. 34,181
a. Cement bags 61,526 Q – 31
b. Fine Agg. cu. m. 3419 Q – 3, G- 46
c. Coarse Agg. cu. m. 5264 Q – 4, G-71
d. Steel Bars kg. 700 Q–1
e. Concrete cu. m. FS – 91 sets CB
f. Completed PCCP, 200mm. , thk. 5 – cores/km/lane
B. Inspection:
Continuous quality control inspection on all Items of Works

shall be done as construction work progresses. Inspection
Report to be submitted as required.
Prepared and Submitted By: Approved By:
_________________________ _______________________
Materials Engineer Project Engineer
QUALITY WORDS TO LIVE BY
 Quality means conformance, not elegance.
 Qualityis an achievable, measurable,
profitable entity that can be installed once
you have commitment and understanding
and are prepared for hard work.
 Quality
is needed because nothing is simple
anymore.
 There is no such thing as the economies of
quality; it is always cheaper to do the job right
the first time.
QUALITY WORDS TO LIVE BY
 Quality measurement is
only effective when it is  Quality department/unit are
done in a manner that supposed:
produce information  To measure and report
people can understand conformance
and see.  Demand corrective action
 The only performance  Encourage defect
measurement is the cost prevention
of quality.  Teach quality improvement
 The only performance  And act as the conscience
standard is zero defects. of the operation.
 There is no such thing as
a quality problem.
Free Template from www.brainybetty.com 140

QUALITY is not only
RIGHT, it is FREE.
And it is not only free,
it is the profitable
product line we have.
Harold Green
For more info and
questions:
Email Me at
mannylauresta@live.com
That’s all folks…
THANK YOU!

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Construction Supervision-Qc & Qa

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1

This is the most basic level of

It started with activities whose

inspecting, testing or checking

The intent is to identify anything

QC is typically done at the end of

Quality Control does not ensure

Quality Assurance (QA)

Quality Assurance developed

Quality Assurance (QA)

QA still has QC at its core to

Quality Assurance (QA)

Think of QC as something like

QUALITY MANAGEMENT Quality Management

As the quality movement

QUALITY MANAGEMENT Quality Management

 Quality Control (QC) is the

 Quality Assurance (QA) is a

 The QC and QA program is a two-part

Quality Control Quality Assurance

In general, the appropriate references use in maintaining

1. Federation Internationale Des Ingenieurs Consells (FIDIC)

For soft spots agree

Keep a record of all

Keep a record of all work

PE/FI should check that the construction facilities and

 Temporary light and power, water, toilets, fence, barriers

The PE should assist in making sure that the

Sampling and Testing Duties

BEFORE PLACING OF CONCRETE

Slump test – is the simplest way to assess the workability

Slumped cone 16mm  x 610mm

 Concrete shall be covered by burlap mats which shall be kept

 Forms for roof slab and above

Lay-Up or Placing of Masonry Units

 Verify mechanical vibrating during

 The inspection shall focus on the

 Concrete and masonry surface shall

Is the process of selecting a part (sample), which will be used to judge

Sampling of materials shall be in accordance with the Standard

The quantity of representative sample to be brought to a testing

GROUP I - Pre-fabricated Structure or Component of

Example : - Structural Steel, Bailey Bridge

Example : Portland Cement , Asphalt

If pre-fabricated locally, the following shall be required :

- Mill Test Certificate and Inspection Certificate

- Obtain samples of material at the factory by authorized

- Certificate of Inspection of material at point of delivery by an

 Source of Approval - Samples are taken and tested to provide

 Job Control - Samples are taken on a day to day basis during

 Acceptance - These are samples taken from a finished product to

1. Use new clean containers to avoid contamination.

3. Label container clearly and properly

 If samples are not truly representative, both sampling and testing

Tests on Undisturbed Soils

b. Permeability f. Hydrometer analysis

c. Consolidation g. Specific gravity

Tests on Disturbed Soils