Understanding

VERB TENSE
 What are the verb tenses?
Verbs do a lot of work in sentences. They show
actions and states of being. They even take
different forms to show time.

flies

flew will fly

 What are the verb tenses?
The tense of a verb indicates the time of the
action or state of being expressed by the verb.
Perfect tenses indicate that something happened
or existed before a specific point in time.

Past Present Future

Past Present Future

Past Perfect Present Perfect Future Perfect

She
She
Gwen
will
She
has
Gwen
Gwen
have
had
will
played
plays
played
played
played
playinguitar
inthe
last
violin
a
inconcert
band
ten
year
in before
aconcerts
jazz
for
astomorrow.
well.
three
then.
band.
byyears.
April.
 What are the verb tenses?
The tenses of verbs are formed from the four
principal parts of verbs.

Base Form smile choose

Present Participle [is] smil ing [is] choos ing

Past smile d cho se

Past Participle [have] smile d [have] cho sen

 Progressive Form
Each tense has a progressive form, which is
used to express continuing action or state of
being.
Present progressive am, are, is talking

Past progressive was, were talking

Future progressive will (shall) be talking

Present perfect
has, have been
progressive
talking
Past perfect progressive had been talking

Future perfect progressive will (shall) have been

talking
 Present Tense
The present tense expresses an action or a
state of being that is occurring now, at the
present time.

Today we honor our veterans.

Polly is marching in the parade.

(Progressive form)
 Present Perfect Tense
The present perfect tense
• expresses an action or a state of being that
occurred at an indefinite time in the past
• is usually formed using the helping verb have or
has plus the past participle

Mike has been in several parades.

He has played the drum in all of them.

 Present Perfect Tense
The present perfect tense is also used to
express an action or state of being that began in
the past and continues into the present. In this
case, perfect means complete.
Mr. Lee has taught music at our
school since 2004.

(Progressive form)
Yoko has been taking flute lessons for
six years.
 Past Tense
The past tense expresses an action or a state of
being that occurred in the past but did not
continue into the present.

The two friends shared the large swing.

They were swinging for a long time.

(Progressive form)
 Past Perfect Tense
The past perfect tense
• expresses an action or a state of being that
ended before another past action or state of
being occurred
• is usually formed using had plus the past
participle

After Maria had gone home, Kim was bored.

She asked her dad about the time that he

had been a lifeguard at the beach.
 Future Tense
The future tense
• expresses an action or a state of being that will
occur
• is usually formed using will or shall plus the base
form

My family will ride the train to Chicago.

We will be arriving at five o’clock.

(Progressive form)
 Future Perfect Tense
The future perfect tense
• expresses an action or a state of being that will
end before another future action or state of
being
• is usually formed using will have or shall have
plus the past participle

By the time you receive this letter, she will have

returned home.

After this trip, he will have been to Chicago

three times.
 Modals
A modal is a helping verb that is joined with a
main verb or an infinitive to express an attitude
toward the action or state of being of the main
verb.

Helping verbs used as modals

can could may might must

ought shall should will would
 Can/Could
The modal can or could is used to express ability.

Tammy can play point guard in the second half.

The team could have made better shots.

 May/Might
The modal may is used to express permission or
possibility.

Permission Yes, you may borrow my sweater.

Possibility My clothes closet may be too full.

The modal might is used to express possibility.

I might give some of my clothing to charity.
 Must
The modal must is used most often to express a
requirement. Sometimes, must is used to express
an explanation.

Requirement

We must conserve energy in our homes.

Explanation

My brother must have left the lights on.

 Ought
The modal ought is used to express an obligation
or a likelihood.

Obligation Reggie ought to study harder for math

quizzes.

Likelihood The next quiz ought to be more difficult

than the last one.
 Will/Shall
The modal will or shall is used to express future
time.

I shall enter my painting in the contest.

intention

After reviewing the entries, the

panel will announce the winner.
future time
 Should
The modal should is used to express a
recommendation, an obligation, or a possibility.

Recommendation
Terrell should leave soon to catch
the bus.

Obligation All students should get to school

on time.

Possibility Should you arrive late, please go

to the office first.
 Would
The modal would is used to express the
conditional form of a verb. In other words, it is
used to express a situation that is contrary to fact.

If the weather had been more pleasant,

they would have gone on a picnic.

Mrs. Chang would be happy to prepare

food if you bring the plates and forks.
 Would
Would can also be used to express future time in
a subordinate clause when the main verb in the
independent clause is in the past tense.

past tense verb modal expresses future time

They promised usthat
promised us thatthey
theywould
would bring
bring thethe music.
music.
Main clause Subordinate clause
 Would
Would is sometimes used to express

• an action that was repeated in the past

Every day she would wake early and feed the hens.

• an invitation or offer
Would you like a nice, fresh salad?

• a polite request
Would you please bring me those books?
 Modals
On Your Own
Supply an appropriate modal for each sentence.
1. Jen _____ have cleaned out the garage yesterday.
2. _____ you please help Merrill with that large box?
3. You _____ probably guess what I am about to say.
4. If the train had been faster, we _____ have arrived
sooner.
5. I’m not certain, but I think Dad _____ be cooking stew
for dinner tonight.

[End of Section]
The End