GROUP 5

PERIODIC WAVE AND SINUSOIDAL WAVE

 PERIODIC WAVE
• Motion that is repeated in equal time intervals along the x-axis where
the position x gives the displacement of the mass and the exchange of
the length.
• Repeating waves that can be characterize periodic waves either by the
length scale (wavelength) or time scale (frequency) at which they
repeat.
 PERIODIC WAVE

The time it takes to complete one cycle is called the period (T). It
is expressed in seconds or in seconds per cycle.

PERIOD (T)
 Is the time required for one complete up and down.
 The SI unit of period is second

FREQUENCY (f)
 Is the number of cycles of a repeating sequence of
events in a unit interval of time.
 The SI unit of frequency is Hz or Hertz
 1 Hz = 1 cycle per second

NOTE: The reciprocal of period is the frequency, which is the number of complete cycles per second
 SINUSOIDAL WAVES

• Consider a particle moving in uniform circular motion with

its projection along the y-axis in simple harmonic motion.
Imagine that the projection of this particle along the y-axis
is the particle at one end of a string as shown in figure
11.14. As this particle moves in simple harmonic motion,
the succeeding particles follow, thus forming a wave. This
of wave in which the particles A move in simple harmonic
motion is called a SINUSOIDAL WAVE.
• The circle in figure 11.4 serves as the basis for the motion
of the sinusoidal wave call the CIRCLE OF REFERENCE
 SINUSOIDAL WAVES

• The distance between two

successive identical points in a
sinusoidal wave is called the
WAVELENGTH, denoted by the
symbol λ. The SI unit for
wavelength is meter (m).
 SINUSOIDAL WAVES
• The wave travels with constant wave speed (v). This pattern advances a distance of one
wavelength (λ) for a time interval of one period (T). So in wave motion, v is given as:

• For the sinusoidal transverse wave in figure 11.15, a particle at position x is displaced to a
position y perpendicular to the x-axis. Each particle has different positions y at different times 1.
Thus, the value of transverse displacement y depends on which particle at a particular time You
are referring to. So y is a function of both x and t:
y -> y (x,t)
 SINUSOIDAL WAVE

• The quantity k called the wave number represents the spatial frequency of the wave. It is the
number of full cycles per unit distance and is measured in radian per meter (rad/ m):

where λ is the wavelength or the horizontal distance that spans one cycle of the wave, i.e., from
one crest to the next crest.
 SINUSOIDAL WAVE

• Often periodic motion is best expressed in

terms of angular frequency, represented by
the Greek letter ω (omega). Angular
frequency refers to the angular displacement
per unit time (e.g., in rotation) or the rate of
change of the phase of a sinusoidal
waveform (e.g., in oscillations and waves) It
is measured in radian per second (rad/s).
 SINUSOIDAL WAVE

• If we attach a rope to a fixed point and hold the other end of the rope while moving it up
and down, we observe that the rope forms a physical sinusoidal wave as it moves up and
down.

• Different points on the rope have different vertical positions at a given time. We can
express the y-position as a function of both the horizontal position x and time t. The wave
function y = y(x,t) describes the displacement of the system relative to the equilibrium state
at y = 0, and is given by:

Where:
● y is the vertical position in meter (m);
● A is the amplitude in meter (m);
● k is the wavenumber in radian per meter (rad/m);
● x is the horizontal position in meter (m), and
● ω is the angular frequency in radian per second (rad/s).
 REMEMBER:
• All sinusoidal waves are periodic, but not all periodic waves are sinusoidal.
For example, the square, triangle, and sawtooth waves are all periodic but
not sinusoidal.
THANK YOU FOR LISTENING!!