PRACTICAL TALKS

PRIMER SERIES

Qualitative Research
Methods
EMELIE JOY P. IDULSA
Practical Research 2 Teacher
Sources:
*Pennsylvania State University
Mary.Brennan@ncl.ac.uk
How does the Data in Qualitative research
look different?
• Data is subjective, systematic
• Describes life experiences and gives them meaning
• Data in qualitative research are typically words
• Focus on the whole, holistic
• Data incorporate perceptions and beliefs of
researcher and participants
Qualitative Research Methods
• Multiple realities
• Natural setting for data collection
• Researchers and participants interact
• Results are rich descriptions
Approaches to Qualitative Research
Phenomenological

Grounded Theory

Ethnography

Narrative

Historical

Case Study
 Phenomenological
Approach: Data Analysis Methods:
Understand or explain experiences Find “statements of meaning” in
data
Data Collection Methods: Surveys, Group these statements into
Interviews, Observations of 10 themes
participants who have experienced the Explain what happened and how it
phenomenon being studied happened
Develop an overall understanding of
Lived experiences during pandemic the experience.

A Phenomenological Study of the Lived Results:

Experiences of Non-Traditional Students in Higher
Level Mathematics
Deep description of the meaning of
the experience for participants
 Grounded Theory
Approach:
To describe or interpret a cultural or
social group or system
Data Collection Methods:
Interviews, Questionnaires or Focus-
Group Discussion with 15-30
individuals purposefully selected
because they experienced the
phenomenon being studied
Data Analysis Methods:
Coding: Open, Axial Selective
Development of matrix
Development of theoretical
propositions
Results:
Theoretical or Conceptual Model
 Ethnography
Approach: Data Analysis Methods:
To describe and interpret social groupings or cultural Detailed description of the culture-
situation sharing group
Analysis of the culture-sharing group by
Data Collection Methods: Fieldwork or perspectives or themes
active participation (immersion) : a participant
Interpretation of the culture-sharing
observation in their day-to-day lives or
group for meanings of social interaction
through one-on-one interviews with members
of the group Results:
Selecting an example of a group or setting to Holistic Portrait of the social group
be studied and gaining permission for entry
Observing a group of children playing, employees in a corporate office, medical personnel in a high-volume
hospital, an indigenous village, motorcycle riders
 Narrative
Approach: Data Analysis Methods:
To explore situations, scenarios Storytelling, content review and
and processes theme (meaning development)

Data Collection Methods: Results:

Interviews and documents In-depth narration of events or
situations

Examples: life-story research, oral history,

biography, personal experience methods, and
narrative inquiry.
 Historical
Approach: Data Analysis Methods:
Description of past events description of events development

Data Collection Methods: Results:

Interviews, surveys and documents Historical reports

Wars, civilizations, Apartheid Impact, Symbolism in Ancient Egypt,

Economic Depression Causes etc.
 Case Study
Approach: Data Analysis Methods:
Examination of episodic events with find categories in data
focus on answering “how” questions Look for patterns among categories
to describe and explain the case
Data Collection Methods:
Interviews, observations, document
Results:
contents and physical inspections
In-depth study of possible lessons
learned from a case or cases

Novice Researchers, Student with Learning Disabilities, Students Behavior during pandemic
 How are subjects selected?
• Subjects are referred to as participants.
• May volunteer to be involved in study (informed
consent and confidentiality)
• May be selected by researcher because of their
knowledge, experience, or views related to study
 sampling
• Purposive sampling- May select individuals typical in relation to the
phenomenon under study
• May seek out individuals different in some way from other participants to get
diverse perspectives

• Snowballing technique is commonly used. Snowball sampling or

chain-referral sampling is defined as a non-probability sampling 
technique in which the samples have traits that are rare to find. This is
a sampling technique, in which existing subjects provide referrals to
recruit samples required for a research study.
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HOW TO WRITE
QUALITATIVE
RESEARCH
METHODOLOGY
*Source: Dr. Ed Padama
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Parts:
1.Research Design
2.Research Locale
3.Research Respondents/ Participants of the Study
4.Data Collection Method
5.Validation of Instruments
6.Research Ethics
7.Data Gathering procedure
8.Data Analysis
*Adapted from Div. Memo 014 s.2021 Social Science Research Format
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Research Design: Phenomenological, Ethnography, Historical, Narrative, Case Study, Grounded
Theory
• Introduce the Research Design(The design should be congruent with the research
method)
• Give the conceptual definition
• Give the rationale why you chose the design (discuss the appropriateness and
how this can help in your study)

Research Locale:
• State the place where the research will be conducted
• Describe the location
• Give the rationale why you chose the place/location
• Attachment of the Map
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Respondents or Participants of the Study:

• Present the respondents of the study
• How did you choose the respondents (present the criteria used in selecting them)
• Present the profile of the respondents (always observe the proper ethical standards
in presenting identity of respondents)
use Student A, Student B or etc.

Data Collection Method

• Present the data collection method: interview, observations, focus group discussion,
survey questionnaire
• Present the rationale in choosing the data collection method
• Describe how will you conduct interview etc..
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Sampling Procedure:
• Present the sampling method used
• Snowballing
• Purposive
• Give the conceptual definition of the sampling method
• Present the rationale in choosing this sampling method
• Discuss the procedure in implementing the sampling method (make sure that
you observe the proper sequence and organization)

Validation of Instrument
• Present the instrument/s to be used
• Discuss the creation and validation of the instrument (expert)
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Research Ethics:
Following the protocol, a letter will be sent to the Office of the Principal requesting permission

to conduct the study; the semi-structured interview and focus group discussion to the participants of the

study.

However, before the study will be conducted, the participants will be informed about the

intent of the study, through letter of consent. Some preliminary directions will be given to the

participants to follow. They will be assured as to the confidentiality of their responses as well as to

their identities as participants of the study.

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Data Gathering Method

• Narratively discuss and present the sequence or the steps that you will do in order

to gather data (from the distribution to collection)

Data Analysis

• Present the data analysis method, give the conceptual definition, and its rationale.

• discuss how data is being analyzed

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