Kay Bathala H.

Santos
  kaybathala.santos@evsu.edu.ph

 
 WARM-UP ACTIVITY:
 
HOW GLOBALIZED IS
 
YOUR HOME?
LOCALLY MADE ITEMS FOREIGN MADE ITEMS
(INDICATE BRAND) (INDICATE BRAND AND COUNTRY OF ORIGIN)

 
 INTRODUCTION TO
  THE STUDY OF
GLOBALIZATION
 
GLOBALIZATION
GLOBALIZATION

GLOBALIZE
The emergence of an international
network of economic systems (Smith,
2018).
 • A former professor at the Harvard Business
School.
• Credited with coining the term
"globalization“
• It first appeared in his Harvard Business
Review article "The Globalization of
Markets.”

THEODORE LEVITT
 Globalization is the word used to describe the
growing interdependence of the world’s
economies, cultures, and populations, brought
about by cross-border trade in goods and services,
technology, and flows of investment, people, and
information (Peterson Institute for International
Economics, 2018).
Globalization can be defined as the
increasing interaction among and
integration of diverse human societies in all
important dimensions of their
activities--economic, social, political,
cultural, and religious (Aninat, 2021).
Globalization can thus be defined as the
intensification of worldwide social
relations which link distant localities in
such a way that local happenings are
shaped by events occurring many miles
away and vice versa (Giddens,1990).
Globalization is essentially the means by
which individuals, governments,
companies, and countries interact with and
affect one another, with the goal of helping
to build strong alliances that mutually
benefit one another (CFI Eductation Inc.,
2015)
 Economic

Military
Geographical

GLOBALIZATION
Cultural

Technological

Political Ecological
ECONOMIC GLOBALIZATION

Economic globalization refers to the increasing

interdependence of world
economies as a result of the growing scale of cross-
border trade of commodities and
services, flow of international capital and wide and
rapid spread of technologies (Shangquan, 2000).
MILITARY GLOBALIZATION

the process which embodies the growing extensity

and intensity of military relations among the
political units of the world system (Held & Mcgrew,
1998)
CULTURAL GLOBALIZATION

Cultural globalization, which refers to the process by

which a culture's experiences, values, and ideas are
disseminated throughout the world through various
means (Cultural Globalization: Definition, Factors &
Effects, 2017).
ENVIRONMENTAL GLOBALIZATION

Environmental globalization involves an intensifying,

deepening and expansion of global networks leading to
increasing global uniformity and connectedness in
regular environmental management practices (Grainer,
2011).
INTERNATIONAL TROPICAL TIMBER
AGREEMENT TREATIES
POLITICAL GLOBALIZATION

Political globalization refers to the intensification and

expansion of political interrelations across the globe
(Steger, 2017).
TECHNOLOGICAL GLOBALIZATION

The increasing speed of technological diffusion across the

global economy. It refers to the spread of technologies around
the globe, and particularly from developed to developing
nations (Drew, 2022).
GEOGRAPHICAL GLOBALIZATION

Globalization is moving towards the trend of a borderless world.

 Globalization as a
  process, condition,
  and ideology
PROCESS CONDITION

GLOBALIZATION
Steger (2005)

IDEOLOGY
 GLOBALIZATION
AS A PROCESS

Globalization is viewed as multidimensional set of social processes that

generate and increase “worldwide social interdependencies and exchanges
while at the same time fostering people a growing awareness of deepening
connections between local and the distant.”
GLOBALIZATION AS A PROCESS
 GLOBALIZATION
AS A CONDITION

GLOBALITY

A social condition characterized by trans-planetary

connectivity and supra-territoriality (Scholte, 2008).
 GLOBALIZATION
AS AN IDEOLOGY

Globalization exists in people’s consciousness because is a set of coherent and

complementary ideas and belief of social order (Steger, 2005).

Globalization is about the

Globalization is inevitable and Nobody is in charge of Globalization
liberalization and global integration of
irreversible.
markets.

Globalization furthers the Spread Globalization requires a global

Globalization benefits everyone
of Democracy in the World war on terror.
CHARACTERISTICS
OF GLOBALIZATION
FREE TADE
Free trade occurs when goods and services
can be bought and sold between countries or
sub-national regions without tariffs, quotas or
other restrictions being applied (Organization
for Economic Co-operation and Development,
2004).
TARIFF QUOTA

A tax on a good Specify a maximum

entering a given amount of a foreign
county's market. product that can enter a
country in a given year.
LIBERALIZATION
The freedom for businesspeople or
industrialists to incept or establish a
business, commerce, or trade anywhere in his
country of origin or a different country
abroad (Bhasin, 2020).
LIBERALIZATIO GLOBALIZATION
N
INCREASE IN EMPLOYMENT
Globalization helps companies increase their
production capacity and set up operations in
different parts of the world.
CONNECTIVITY
Globalization allows an international
exchange of technology, literature, and
culture knowledge information and
treatment.
INTERDEPENDENCE
With the advent of globalization, countries
have become more reliant on each other.
CULTURAL EXCHANGE
Cross-cultural contacts drastically
increased because of cultural globalization.
URBANIZATION
One of the consequences of globalization is
the increase in urban centers.
STANDARD OF LIVING
With increased economic activity and
opportunities for employment, people have
more money in their pockets.
PRODUCTION COST
In a globalized world, companies are free
to establish their operations in areas where
the cost of production is low.
OUTSOURCING
Globalization allows companies to
bring in third parties from outside the
country to manage specific processes.
 WHAT CAUSED
GLOBALISATION?
By Pettinger (2021)
 Guess the word that fits Share what you know
Analyze the four
the theme of the photos the word.
pictures.
presented.
S R R A O N T X Q A W
T O T N Z P
T R A N S P O R T A T I O N

S R R A O N T X Q A W
T O T N Z P
IMPROVED
TRANSPORT
C T E N I N T Q S A R
I Z O A I N
C O N T A I N E R I Z A T I O N

C T E N I N T Q S A R
I Z O A I N
IMPROVED
TRANSPORT CONTAINERIZATION
T C Y G O U Y O T O L
E H Z N C L
 T E C H N O L O G Y

T C Y G O U Y O T O L
E H Z N C L
IMPROVED IMPROVED
TRANSPORT CONTAINERISATION TECHNOLOGY
T O U N A L T N A I M U O
M P N I C O A S E
M U L T I N A T I O N A L
C O M P A N I E S

I L T N A L T N A I M U O
M P N I C O A S E
 IMPROVED IMPROVED
TRANSPORT CONTAINERISATION TECHNOLOGY

GROWTH OF
MULTINATIONA
L COMPANIES
A D T R N G I
K S B L C O
T R A D I N G
B L O C K S
A D T R N G I
K S B L C O
 IMPROVED IMPROVED
TRANSPORT CONTAINERISATION TECHNOLOGY

GROWTH OF GROWTH OF
MULTINATIONA GLOBAL TRADING
L COMPANIES BLOCKS
 IMPROVED IMPROVED
TRANSPORT CONTAINERISATION TECHNOLOGY

GROWTH OF GROWTH OF
GLOBAL TRADING REDUCED TARIFF
MULTINATIONA
BLOCKS BARRIERS
L COMPANIES
 IMPROVED IMPROVED
TRANSPORT CONTAINERISATION TECHNOLOGY

GROWTH OF GROWTH OF
GLOBAL TRADING REDUCED TARIFF
MULTINATIONA
BLOCKS BARRIERS
L COMPANIES

FIRMS EXPLOITING GAINS

FROM ECONOMIES OF
SCALE
A D M E I
M E D I A

A D M E I
 IMPROVED IMPROVED
TRANSPORT CONTAINERISATION TECHNOLOGY

GROWTH OF GROWTH OF
GLOBAL TRADING REDUCED TARIFF
MULTINATIONA
BLOCKS BARRIERS
L COMPANIES

FIRMS EXPLOITING
GAINS FROM GROWTH OF
ECONOMIES OF SCALE GLOBAL MEDIA
 IMPROVED IMPROVED
TRANSPORT CONTAINERISATION TECHNOLOGY

GROWTH OF GROWTH OF
GLOBAL TRADING REDUCED TARIFF
MULTINATIONA
BLOCKS BARRIERS
L COMPANIES

FIRMS EXPLOITING GAINS FINANCIAL SYSTEM

GROWTH OF GLOBAL INCREASINGLY GLOBAL IN
FROM ECONOMIES OF
MEDIA NATURE.
SCALE
 IMPROVED
MOBILITY OF
CAPITAL
 IMPROVED INCREASED
MOBILITY OF MOBILITY OF
CAPITAL LABOUR
 IMPROVED INCREASED
MOBILITY OF MOBILITY OF INTERNET
CAPITAL LABOUR
 HISTORY OF
GLOBALIZATION
 ARCHAIC MODERN
GLOBALIZATION GLOBALIZATION

FOUR BASIC
APPROACHES TO
DETERMINE THE AGE
OF GLOBALIZATION

PROTO-
GLOBALIZATION AGE OF ‘NEWEST’
GLOBALIZATION
 ARCHAIC
GLOBALIZATION

refers to a predecessor state of the world before the appearance of

industrialization and nation state
ISLAMIC GOLDEN AGE
 PROTO-GLOBALIZATION

❖ A period of the history of globalization roughly spanning the years between 1600
and 1800, following the period of archaic globalization.

❖ The term describes the phase of increasing trade links and cultural exchange that
characterized the period immediately preceding the advent of so-called "modern
globalization" in the 19th century.
 AGE OF EXPLORATION
RISE OF EUROPEAN
EMPIRES

Globalization became also a private business phenomenon

when chartered companies like British East India
company and Dutch East India company were established.
 MODERN
GLOBALIZATION

❖ Covers the period from the seventeenth to early twentieth century (up until the
First World War) and is closely connected with the spread of all modernization
transition effects.
❖ Outlines the rise of nation state and the spread of industrialization.
 SPREAD OF
RISE OF NATION STATES INDUSTRALIZATION
 NEW
GLOBALIZATION

The rapid economic integration through a digital exchange, technology, innovation

and the organizational imitation
REFERENCES
Anthony Giddens, The Consequences of Modernity (Cambridge: Polity Press, 1990), p. 64.

Andreev, A.,  Ilyin, Ilya V. & Zinkina, J. (n.d.) The ‘Age’ of Globalization: How Old is the Global World?.
https://www.sociostudies.org/almanac/articles/the_-age-_of_globalization- _how_old_is_the_global_world/

CFI Education Inc. (2015). Globalization. https://corporatefinanceinstitute.com/resources/knowledge/other/globalization/

Cultural Globalization: Definition, Factors & Effects. (2017, March 22). Retrieved from
https://study.com/academy/lesson/cultural-globalization-definition-factors-effects.html.

Drew, C. (2022). Technological Globalization – Examples, Pros And Cons. https://helpfulprofessor.com/technological-

globalization-exmaples-pros-cons

Eduardo Aninat, “China Globalization, and the IMF”, speech by the Deputy Managing Director of the IMF, The Foundation for
Globalization Cooperation’s Second Globalization Forum, January 14, 2001, see
http://www.imf.org/external/np/speeches/2001/011401.htm

Grainer A. (2011). Environmental Globalization and Tropical Forests. https://doi.org/10.1080/14747730500367942

Held,D. & Mcgrew A. (1998). The End of the Old Older? Globalization and the Prospects for World Order.
https://www.jstor.org/stable/20097569

Peterson Institute for International Economics (2018). What Is Globalization?

https://www.piie.com/microsites/globalization/what-is-globalization

Smith, D. (2018). A Perspective on Globalization: Responsibility to Help Each Other. https://www.meandahq.com/a-

perspective-on-globalization-responsibility-to-help-each-other/

Steger, M. (2017). Globalization: A Very Short Introduction (4 ed.)

Manfred B. Steger. 10.1093/actrade/9780198779551.001.0001
END