Functional requirements of OLAP System

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OLAP
The dynamic synthesis, analysis, and consolidation of large volumes of multidimensional view of aggregate data Enables users to gain a deeper understanding and knowledge about various aspects of their corporate data through fast, consistent, interactive access to a wide variety of possible views of the data Types of analysis ranges from basic navigation and browsing (slicing and dicing) to calculations, to more complex analysis such as time series and complex modeling
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OLAP Benefits
Increased productivity of end users Improved potential revenue and profitability Reduced load of OLTP systems

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OLAP Applications
A wide range of applications; domain oriented; usually have the following features
multidimensional views of data support complex calculations time intelligence

E.g.,
financial performance analysis, budgeting, sales analysis, sales forecasting, market research analysis, production planning

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 ROLAP ROLAP stands for Relational Online Analytical Process that provides multidimensional analysis of data, stored in a Relational database(RDBMS). MOLAP MOLAP(Multidimensional OLAP), provides the analysis of data stored in a multi-dimensional data cube. HOLAP HOLAP(Hybrid OLAP) a combination of both ROLAP and MOLAP can provide multidimensional analysis simultaneously of data stored in a multidimensional database and in a relational database(RDBMS). DOLAP DOLAP(Desktop OLAP or Database OLAP)provide multidimensional analysis locally in the client machine on the data collected from relational or multidimensional database servers.

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Multidimensional View of Data

Users can view data from various aspects (dimensions) with ease All dimensions are equally treated

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Support Complex Calculations

Provide a range of powerful computational methods for complex calculations such as sales forecasting (moving average, percentage growth) Mechanisms for implementing computational methods should be clear and non-procedural

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Time Intelligence
Support operations on temporal dimension Temporal operators are different from others (e.g., moving average)

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Representation of MultiMultidimensional Data

Relational OLAP (ROLAP)
Data are in a table with multiple columns Each keyed column of represents a dimension of the data Each non-keyed column represents a corresponding fact

Multidimensional OLAP (MOLAP)

Data are in a hypercube with multiple dimensions Each dimension of the hypercube represents each keyed attribute of the data Each cell of the cube represents a corresponding fact
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ROLAP

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MOLAP

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ROLAP vs. MOLAP

ROLAP
Straightforward from Relational Database

MOLAP
Better capture relationship between data

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ROLAP vs MOLAP
Data Storage Data stored as relational tables in the warehouse. Detailed and light summary data available. Very large data volumes. All data access from the warehouse storage. Data stored as relational tables in the warehouse. Underlying Technologies Use of complex SQL to fetch data from warehouse. ROLAP engine in analytical server creates data cubes on the fly. Multidimensional views by presentation layer. Functions and Features Known environment and availability of many tools. Limitations on complex analysis functions. Drill-through to lowest level easier. Drill-across not always easy. Faster access, Large library of functions for complex calculations. Easy analysis irrespective of the number of dimensions. Extensive drill-down and slice-and -dice

Creation of pre-fabricated data cubes by MOLAP engine, Proprietary Various summary data kept technology to store in proprietary databases multidimensional views in (MDDBs) arrays, not tables. High Moderate data volumes. speed matrix data retrieval.

Summary data access from Sparse matrix technology MDDB. detailed data to manage data sparsity in abilities. access from warehouse. summaries.
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ROLAP

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MOLAP

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Example of a two-Dimensional tworeport

PRODUCT C U S T O M E R
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Example of a three-Dimensional threecube

Sales Report Product
C U S T O M E R

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OLAP Terminology
Roll-up
Summarize data

Drill-down
View detailed data

Slicing
Select a plane

Dicing
Select a range of planes

Pivoting
(slicing and dicing)
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SQL Extensions to OLAP

GROUP BY ROLLUP GROUP BY CUBE GROUP BY GROUPING SET GROUPING function
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Star schema vs OLAP

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SixSix-dimensional

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