As1 Tiso

AS1 J MARY FELICITY C.
LANTICSE
B. SECONDARY
SOURCE OF ENERGY
AS1 J MARY FELICITY C. LANTICSE
• Used coal rock that burns to release

energy
• Mostly made of the chemical element
carbon
• The greater the percentage of coal
burned that is carbon, the higher its rank
or potential energy.
• Coal is among the fossil fuels along with
oil (petroleum), and natural gas which
1. COAL ENERGY are considered non-renewable
resources.
ADVANTAGE
• Abundant
• Inexpensive
• Low land Requirement
• Can produce energy on-demand
DISADVANTAGE
• Non-renewable energy source
• Very high greenhouse gas
emissions
• Very high air pollution emissions
• High land/water impacts from acid
rain, mine drainage
• Highly hazardous occupation
• The energy trapped inside atoms,

those tiny particles from which all
matter is made.
• By heat, the water is boiled to high-
pressure steam. The steam rotates the
turbine. The generator attached to the
turbine generates electricity. In a
nuclear power plant, the heat needed
for producing electricity is generated in
2. NUCLEAR ENERGY
a nuclear reactor by the fission of
atomic nuclei.
• Of the new energy forms, nuclear

power is so far the only one ready
for large-scale energy production.
Nuclear power is economical, and
the annual fuel reserve of a nuclear
power plant can be transported in
just a few truckloads
2. NUCLEAR ENERGY
ADVANTAGE
• Low greenhouse gas emissions
• Low air pollution emissions
• Low land requirements for power
plants (though not for waste
storage)
DISADVANTAGE
• High water requirements
• Relatively expensive
• Waste remains dangerous for
thousands of years
• Serious accident would be
disastrous
• Made up mostly of methane

• Methane is a combination of
hydrogen and carbon.
• Formed when plants and animals
(organic matter) are trapped
beneath the sedimentary layers of
the earth.
3. NATURAL GAS
ADVANTAGE
• Inexpensive
• Low land requirements
• Relatively safe for workers and
public
DISADVANTAGE
• High greenhouse gas emissions
• Relatively moderate air pollution
emissions
• Danger of explosion if handled
improperly
• Biomass describes all solid material

of animal or vegetable origin from
which energy may be extracted, it
is also called solid biomass.
• Plant products (such as corn husks,
branches, or peanut shells),
4. BIOMASS ENERGYwastepaper, and cow dung are
examples of biomass fuels.
• Biomass can be heated, burned,

fermented, or treated chemically to
release energy.
• Biomass is produced by
photosynthesis; basic research in
photosynthesis may provide systems
that directly convert sunlight into fuels.
• Biomass can also be used as fuel for
space heating and factory processing,
and to produce liquid transportation
fuel such as ethanol.
ADVANTAGE
• Renewable energy source
• Very low greenhouse gas
emissions
• Energy is easily stored
DISADVANTAGE
• Low energy return on investment

• High air pollution emissions
• Very high water and land
requirements
• High occupational hazards
TYPES OF ELECTRIC
CURRENT
ALTERNATING CURRENT
(AC)
• the electric charge that moves forward, then
backward, over and over again, the voltage or
current that changes polarity or direction,
respectively, over time.
• The back-and-forth motion occurs between 50
and 60 times per second, depending on the
electrical system of the country. This is called
the frequency and is designated as either 50
Hertz (50Hz) or 60 Hertz (60Hz).
DIRECT CURRENT (DC)

• the movement (or flow) of electric
charge is only in one direction.
• The voltage or current that maintains
constant polarity or direction,
respectively, over time.
Source of Direct Current

- Chemical battery
- Electronic power supply
- Mechanical Generator
KINDS OF ELECTRICITY
STATIC ELECTRICITY
• Electricity at rest.
• The attraction between positive and negative charge particles.
• It refers to the buildup of electric charge on the surface of
objects.
• The static charges remain on an object until they either bleed
off to the ground or are quickly neutralized by a discharge.
• It is notable as a physical phenomenon that can be
demonstrated using simple experiments that can convey a
genuine understanding of the physics involved.
• Electricity produced by friction
STATIC ELECTRICITY
• An electrical charge that builds up due to friction
between two dissimilar materials. Friction removes
some electrons from one object and deposits them
on the other.
• The buildup or imbalance of the same charges.
Static electricity is at rest until discharged.
• The electricity associated with electric charges,
which tends to stay static rather than flowing away
STATIC ELECTRICITY
• Movement of charges from one object to another without
further movement. An electrical charge frequently found in
paper which is too dry, or which has been affected by local
atmospheric conditions.
• It refers to the net presence (or 'imbalance') of charge on a

body, usually caused when dissimilar materials are rubbed
together, transferring charge from one to the other.
DYNAMIC ELECTRICITY
• A flow of electric charge
• Also known as electric current
• Electricity in motion
• The movement of positive and negative charge
particles.
• A flow of electric charge constitutes an electric
current. The direction of current was described in
terms of the motion of imaginary positive charges
AS1 CHERYL ANN H. TISO
Common Electrical Tools

and Equipment Needed in
the Installation of
Electrical Wiring.
25
1. SCREW DRIVERS.
These tools are made of steel hardened and

tempered at the tip used to loosen or tighten screws
with slotted heads. They come in various sizes and
shapes.
26
A. Standard/Flat
Screw Driver.
The blade tip is wedge-shaped and
resembles a negative (-) sign. This is
used to drive screws with a single slot
head.
27
B. Philips Screw
Driver.
This has a cross tip resembling a
positive (+) sign. This is used to drive
screws with cross slot heads.
28
C. Stubby Screw
Driver.
It comes in either Standard or Philips
screw driver with short shank or blade
and a shorted handle used to turn
screws in tight space where standard
screw driver cannot be used.
29
D. Allen Screw
Driver/Wrench.
This could be in the shape of a
screwdriver or a wrench. Its function is
to drive screw with hexagonal slot
head.
30
2. HAMMERS.
These are tools used in driving or pounding and

pulling out nails. They are made of hard steel, wood,
plastic or rubber.
31
2. HAMMERS.
These are tools used in driving or
pounding and pulling out nails.
They are made of hard steel,
wood, plastic or rubber.
Claw hammer
Mallet (rubber head)
Ballpeen hammer
32
3. PLIERS.
These made from metal with insulators in the handle

and are used for cutting, twisting, bending, holding, and
gripping wires and cables.
33
A. Combination Pliers (Lineman’s

Pliers).
This is used for gripping, holding, and

cutting electrical wires and cables and
even small nails. They are usually used by
linemen in doing heavy tasks.
34
B. Side Cutting Pliers.
This type of pliers is used for cutting

fine, medium, and big wires and cables.
35
C. Long Nose Pliers.
This is used for cutting and holding

fine wires. This can reach tight space or
small opening where other pliers cannot
reach and used in making terminal loops of
copper wires.
36
4. WIRE
STRIPPER.
A tool used for removing
insulation of medium sized
wires ranging from gauge
#10 to gauge #16.
37
5. ELECTRICIAN’S
KNIFE.
This is used by linemen to
remove insulation of wire
and cables in low and high
voltage transmission lines.
38
6. PORTABLE
ELECTRIC
DRILL.
A small drilling machine
with a chuck capacity of ¼‖
to 3/8‖. It is used in making
holes on metal sheets and
concrete walls.
39
7.
HACKSAW.
This tool is used to cut
metal conduit and armored
cable.
40
ELECTRICA
L SUPPLIES
AND
MATERIALS
41
Electrical materials are developed and constructed for a special

purpose such as to:
1. Control the flow of current in an electrical circuit.

2. Carry electrical current from the source to the load or current
consuming apparatus.
3. Hold and secure wires to its fixtures inside and outside houses
and buildings; and
4. Protect the houses, buildings, appliances’ and instruments from
any destruction and damage.
42
Convenience outlet
a device that acts as a convenient
source of electrical energy for current
consuming appliances. It is where the
male plug of an appliance is inserted
and usually fastened on the wall or
connected in an extension cord. It
maybe single, duplex, triplex or
multiplex and could be surface type
or flush type.
43
Male plug
a device inserted to a convenience
outlet to conduct electric current. A
flat cord is attached to it on one end
and the other end is connected to a
current consuming instrument or
appliance.
44
Lamp holders
devices that hold and protect the
lamp and are also called as ―Lamp
Sockets/Receptacle. These come in
many designs and sizes. They are
classified as flush, hanging
(weatherproof/chain) and surface
types.
45
Switch
a device that connects and
disconnects the flow of electric
current in a circuit. There are many
shapes, designs, and types and they
are classified as hanging, flush, and
surface types.
46
Fuse
a circuit protective device that
automatically blows and cut the
current when and overload or short
circuit happens.
47
Circuit Breaker
a protective device used to
automatically blow and cuts the
current when trouble in the circuit
such as short circuit or overload
occurs.
48
Junction Box
an octagonal shaped electrical
material where the connections or
joints of wires are being done. It is
also where the flush type lamp
holder is attached. This could be
made of metal or plastic (PVC)
Polyvinylchloride.
49
Utility Box
a rectangular shaped metallic or
plastic (PVC) material in which
flush type convenience outlet and
switch are attached.
50
Flat Cord
Is a duplex stranded wire used for
temporary wiring installation and
commonly used in extension cord
assembly. It comes in a roll of 150
meters and with sizes of gauge #
18 and gauge # 16 awg (American
wire gauge).
51
Electrical Wire/Conductor
Electrical material that could be:
a. Stranded wire which is made of
multiple strands joined to make a
single wire.
b. Solid wire is made of a single strand
of copper or aluminum wire. These
are used in wiring installation inside
and outside the buildings.
52
Conduits/Pipes
Electrical materials used as the passage of wires for protection and
insulation. These could be rigid metallic, flexible metallic conduit
(FMC), rigid nonmetallic (PVC), and flexible non-metallic or
corrugated plastic conduit (CPC)
53
Clamps
Electrical materials used to hold and anchor electrical
conduits in its proper position.
54
Connectors
Used to attach metallic or non-metallic conduit to the
junction or utility boxes.
55
YOUR COMPANY AWESOME WORDS
THANK YOU
FOR
LISTENING!
56
QUIZ
TIME!!
57
ANSWERS:
1. Standard/Flat 5. Switch
Screw Driver 6. Electrical Wire
2. Allen Screw 7. Hacksaw
Driver/Wrench 8. Wire Stripper
3. Philips Screw 9. Pliers
Driver 10. Utility Box
4. Clamps
58
AS1 KYLA GABIOLA
ELECTRICAL
SYMBOLS
59
AS1 KYLA GABIOLA
1. Wires and connections

A 'blob' should be
 Wire  Wires drawn where wires are
joined connected (joined), but
it is sometimes
omitted. Wires
connected at
'crossroads' should be
To pass current very
staggered slightly to
easily from one part of a form two T-junctions,
circuit to another. as shown on the right.
60
AS1 KYLA GABIOLA
 Wires not In complex diagrams it is

often necessary to draw
joined wires crossing even
though they are not
connected. I prefer the
'hump' symbol shown on
the right because the
simple crossing on the left
may be misread as a join
where you have forgotten
to add a 'blob'!
61
AS1 KYLA GABIOLA
2. Switches
 Push Switch
(push-to-make)
A push switch allows current to flow
only when the button is pressed.
This is the switch used to operate a
doorbell.
62
AS1 KYLA GABIOLA
 Push-to-Break Switch
This type of push

switch is normally
closed (on), it is open
(off) only when the
button is pressed.
63
AS1 KYLA GABIOLA
 On-Off Switch (SPST)
SPST = Single Pole,

Single Throw. An on-off
switch allows current to
flow only when it is in
the closed (on) position.
64
AS1 KYLA GABIOLA
 2-way Switch (SPDT)

SPDT = Single Pole, Double
Throw. A 2-way changeover switch
directs the flow of current to one of
two routes according to its position.
Some SPDT switches have a
central off position and are
described as 'on-off-on'.
65
AS1 KYLA GABIOLA
 Dual On-Off Switch

(DPST)
DPST = Double Pole, Single

Throw. A dual on-off switch which
is often used to switch mains
electricity because it can isolate
both the live and neutral
connections.
66
AS1 KYLA GABIOLA
 Reversing Switch
(DPDT)
DPDT = Double Pole, Double
Throw. This switch can be
wired up as a reversing
switch for a motor. Some
DPDT switches have a
central off position.
67
AS1 KYLA GABIOLA
 Relay
An electrically operated switch, for

example a 9V battery circuit
connected to the coil can switch a
230V AC mains circuit. NO =
Normally Open, COM =
Common, NC = Normally Closed.
68
AS1 KYLA GABIOLA
3. Output Devices: Lamps, Heater, Motor, etc.
 Lamp (lighting)
A transducer which converts
electrical energy to light. This
symbol is used for a lamp
providing illumination, for
example a car headlamp or torch
bulb.
69
AS1 KYLA GABIOLA
 Lamp (indicator)
electrical energy to light. This
symbol is used for a lamp
which is an indicator, for
example a warning light on a
car dashboard.
70
AS1 KYLA GABIOLA
 Heater

electrical energy to heat.
71
AS1 KYLA GABIOLA
 Motor

electrical energy to kinetic
energy (motion).
72
AS1 KYLA GABIOLA
 Bell

electrical energy to sound.
73
AS1 KYLA GABIOLA
 Buzzer

electrical energy to sound.
74
AS1 KYLA GABIOLA
 Inductor (Coil, Solenoid)

A coil of wire which creates a
magnetic field when current
passes through it. It may have
an iron core inside the coil. It
can be used as a transducer
converting electrical energy to
mechanical energy by pulling
on something.
75
AS1 KYLA GABIOLA
4. Power Supplies
 Cell
Supplies electrical energy. A

single cell is often wrongly
called a battery, but strictly a
battery is two or more cells
joined together.
76
AS1 KYLA GABIOLA
4. Power Supplies
 Battery
Supplies electrical energy. A

battery is more than one cell.
77
AS1 KYLA GABIOLA
4. Power Supplies
 DC supply
Supplies electrical energy. DC

= Direct Current, always
flowing in one direction.
78
AS1 KYLA GABIOLA
4. Power Supplies
 AC supply
Supplies electrical energy. AC

= Alternating Current,
continually changing direction.
79
AS1 KYLA GABIOLA
4. Power Supplies
 Fuse
A safety device which will 'blow'

(melt) if the current flowing
through it exceeds a specified
value.
80
AS1 KYLA GABIOLA
4. Power Supplies
 Transformer Two coils of wire linked by an

iron core. Transformers are
used to step up (increase) and
step down (decrease) AC
voltages. Energy is transferred
between the coils by the
magnetic field in the core.
There is no electrical
connection between the coils.
81
AS1 KYLA GABIOLA
4. Power Supplies
 Earth (Ground)
A connection to earth. For
many electronic circuits this is
the 0V (zero volts) of the power
supply, but for mains electricity
and some radio circuits it really
means the earth. It is also
known as ground.
82
AS1 KYLA GABIOLA
PARTS OF A SIMPLE
ELECTRICAL CIRCUIT
83
AS1 KYLA GABIOLA
Schematic Diagram
84
AS1 KYLA GABIOLA
Load – are electrical device like lighting fixture and appliances that
consumes electrical energy.
Path – are wire use as conductor of electricity which provides passage for
electric current from the source and back.
Control – is an electrical device that control or turns the circuit on and off
conveniently.
Source – are electrical energy coming from either alternating current or

direct current that provides electrical power to the circuit.
85
AS1 KYLA GABIOLA
TYPES OF ELECTRICAL CIRCUIT
Series Circuit
- This types of circuit in which
all load is connected in a
straight line, like a chain.
- If one load is open (defective)
other loads will not function as
well.
86
AS1 KYLA GABIOLA

Parallel Circuit –
In voltage, the voltage
drop across each load is
the same. - When load is
open (defective), the other
will not be affected. - Are
connected allowing
multiple paths for current
flow. 87
AS1 KYLA GABIOLA
88
AS1 KYLA GABIOLA
Series and Parallel

Circuit
– a special type of
circuit that combination
of series and parallel
connection in one
circuit.
89
AS1 KYLA GABIOLA
thank you for

listening!
90
AS1 KYLA GABIOLA
QUIZ TIME!
91
AS1 KYLA GABIOLA
#1
92
AS1 KYLA GABIOLA
#2
93
AS1 KYLA GABIOLA
#3
94
AS1 KYLA GABIOLA
#4
95
AS1 KYLA GABIOLA
#5
96
AS1 KYLA GABIOLA
#6
97
AS1 KYLA GABIOLA
#7
98
AS1 KYLA GABIOLA
#8
99
AS1 KYLA GABIOLA
#9
100
AS1 KYLA GABIOLA
#10
101

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AS1 J MARY FELICITY C.

• Used coal rock that burns to release

• The energy trapped inside atoms,

• Of the new energy forms, nuclear

• Made up mostly of methane

• Biomass describes all solid material

• Biomass can be heated, burned,

• Low energy return on investment

DIRECT CURRENT (DC)

Source of Direct Current

• It refers to the net presence (or 'imbalance') of charge on a

Common Electrical Tools

These tools are made of steel hardened and

These are tools used in driving or pounding and

Mallet (rubber head)

These made from metal with insulators in the handle

A. Combination Pliers (Lineman’s

This is used for gripping, holding, and

B. Side Cutting Pliers.

This type of pliers is used for cutting

C. Long Nose Pliers.

This is used for cutting and holding

Electrical materials are developed and constructed for a special

1. Control the flow of current in an electrical circuit.

1. Wires and connections

 Wires not In complex diagrams it is

This type of push

 On-Off Switch (SPST)

SPST = Single Pole,

 2-way Switch (SPDT)

 Dual On-Off Switch

DPST = Double Pole, Single

An electrically operated switch, for

3. Output Devices: Lamps, Heater, Motor, etc.

3. Output Devices: Lamps, Heater, Motor, etc.

3. Output Devices: Lamps, Heater, Motor, etc.

A transducer which converts

3. Output Devices: Lamps, Heater, Motor, etc.

A transducer which converts

3. Output Devices: Lamps, Heater, Motor, etc.

A transducer which converts

3. Output Devices: Lamps, Heater, Motor, etc.

A transducer which converts

3. Output Devices: Lamps, Heater, Motor, etc.

 Inductor (Coil, Solenoid)

Supplies electrical energy. A

Supplies electrical energy. A

Supplies electrical energy. DC

Supplies electrical energy. AC

A safety device which will 'blow'

 Transformer Two coils of wire linked by an

Source – are electrical energy coming from either alternating current or

TYPES OF ELECTRICAL CIRCUIT

TYPES OF ELECTRICAL CIRCUIT

TYPES OF ELECTRICAL CIRCUIT

Series and Parallel

thank you for

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