ENGLISH

for ACADEMIC and

PROFESSIONAL PURPOSES

REGINE B. FUENTES
GRADE 11- STEM EUCLID
 First Semester- Week 1
Language Used in Academic Texts

TRY THIS
1. B 6. C
2. B 7. D
3. C 8. B
4. B 9. C
5. C 10. B

Activity 3. Concept Web

ACADEMIC LANGUAGE

 It should also develop student’s abilities to produce and understand oral and written texts typical in your subject
area as well as to engage in language-based tasks.

 The example of academic language are discipline-specific vocabulary, grammar, and punctuation and
applications of rhetorical conventions.

 The language needed by students to do work in schools.

 The language demands are related to texts types, which have specific conventions with respect to format,
expected content, tone, common grammatical structures.
 SUM UP
Academic language is the language needed by students to do the work in schools. It includes, for example,
discipline-specific vocabulary, grammar and punctuation, and applications of rhetorical conventions and devices that are
typical for a content area (e.g., essays, lab reports, discussions of a controversial issue.) one of the goals of the learning
segment should be to further develop students’ academic language abilities. However, it should also develop students’
abilities to produce and understand oral and written texts typical in your subject area as well as to engage in language-based
task.
There are five aspects of professional and academic language: formality, objectively, explicitness, structure and
caution.
First is formality. It reflects dignified stance in writing as a member of the academic community. In writing academic texts
the writer should: use expanded modal forms, expanded terms not contraction and avoid colloquial expression.
Second is objectivity. It refers to impersonal and certain level of social distance is maintained. In writing academic texts, the
writer should: avoid using person pronouns, rhetorical questions and emotive language.
Third is explicitness. It refers to the use of signposts to allow readers to trace the relationships in the parts of a study.
Signposts are words or phrases that help articulate the structure or a piece of writing. Signposting flags the most important
parts of an argument, signal transitions, and clarify the stakes of an argument.
Fourth is the structure, in combining ideas effectively, you will need to avoid redundancy. It has two ways, one is
nominalization the second is passivation. Nominalizations are nouns that are created from adjectives (words that descried
nouns) or verds (action words). On the other hand, passivation is the results of the actions are highlighted.
Lastly caution. It is used to avoid sweeping generalizations. By keeping your writing free from hasty generalizations, you
increase the chances that your work will hold up against the scrutiny of fact-checking and will, therefore, better represent
the point you are trying to make.
In all academic texts, the language follows the conventional structure of writing by using: tentative statement, full forms of
words, nominalized phrasing, passive voice, third person point of view and avoids clichés, redundant words or
colloquialisms.
In academic writing, it is important to be cautions in your claims unless they are proven or established beyond doubt or
debate. Try to use tentative statements such as: tends to , appears to, suggests that, would seem to, the audience indicates
rather than direct, categorical ones that overgeneralize.
In academic writing, only full forms of words not contractions are used. Words like is not, would not, should not and are
not should be used instead of isn’t, wouldn’t, shouldn’t and aren’t.
In academic writing, it is usually a rule to have more nouns (naming words) than verbs (action or being words).
In academic writing, we don’t want to focus on who is doing an action, but on who is receiving or experiencing the action.
In academic writing, the third person point of view is usually clearer and allows a writer to come across as more credible.
In academic writing, many words and phrases that are acceptable in conversations or informal writing are considered
inappropriate in academic writing.
 GLOSSARY
Caution- it is used to avoid sweeping generalizations.
Explicitness- refers to the use of signposts to allow readers to trace the relationship in the parts of a
study.
Formality- reflects dignified stance in writing as a member of the academic community.
Full forms of word- refers to the importance of caution in stating claims.
Nominalizations- refers to nouns that are created from adjectives (words that describe nouns) or
verbs (action word).
Nominalized Phrasing- refers to the rule to have more nouns (naming words) than verbs (action of
being words).
Objectivity- refers to impersonal and certain level of social distance is maintained.
Passive voice- refers to the focus on who is receiving or experiencing the action.
Passivation- refers to the results of the actions that are highlighted.
Structure- in combining ideas effectively, you will need to avoid redundancy.
Tentative statement- refers to the language follows the conventional structure of writing by using.
Third person point of view- refers to the point of view which is usually clearer and allows a writer
to come across as more credible.
 REFLECTION

In this lesson, I did not understand the concept of the

Academic Texts at all. I am still curious on which paper or
what type of output do we need in writing Academic Texts.
And I also noticed that it is more complex.
 First Semester- Week 2
USE KNOWLEDGE OF TEXT STRUCTURE

TRY THIS
1. D
2. B
3. C
4. B
5. C

SUM UP
TEXT STRUCTURE refers to how a piece of text is built. You can easily glean information from the academic
text you are reading through the help of TRANSITION words.
A transition is a change from one idea to another idea in writing or speaking and can be achieved using transition
terms or phrases. These are most often placed at the beginning of sentences, independent clauses, and paragraphs
and thus establish a specific relationship between ideas or groups of ideas.
Academic texts have five structures namely; sequence, compare and contrast, cause and effect, description and
problem and solution. Each structure has corresponding transition words or signal words respectively.
Sequence is a structure in which authors use chronological order to explain how things happen in order.
Chronological order is also called sequence. Transitional words includes first, next, later, then, and finally as well
as dates and time.
 Compare and Contrast is a structure that shows how two or more ideas or items are
similar or different. The text may use a clustered approach, with details about one topic
followed by details about the other or alternating approach, with the author going back
between the two topics. Transition words may include like, similar, unlike, on the other hand,
also, and too.
Cause and Effect is a structure that shows how one or more causes led to one or more
effects. This structure also has a strong time component, since causes come before effects.
Transition words such as cause, effect, as a result. Consequently, and because are used. Time
order transitions are also used which can lead to some confusion.
Description is a structure that shows what an item or place is like. Some texts will
categorize typical main idea and detail paragraphs as description. Some texts will also refer to
these paragraphs as statement and support. Transition words include spatial words, such as a
next to, on top of, besides, and so forth.
Problem and Solution is a structure that explains a problem and show one or more
solutions. Transition words may include problem, solution, solve, effect, hopeful, and so forth.
 GLOSSARY
Cause and Effect- a structure that shows how one or more causes led to one or more
effects.
Compare and Contrast- a structure that shows how two or more ideas or items are similar
or different.
Description- a structure that shows what an item or place is like.
Problem and Solution- a structure that explains a problem and show one or more
solutions.
Sequence- a structure in which authors use chronological order to explain how things
happen in order.
Text structure- refers to how a piece of text is built.
transition- a change from one idea to another idea in writing or speaking and can be
achieved using transition terms or
phrases.
 REFLECTION

In this lesson, I understood the topic easily and clearly, it was

not that hard to comprehend at all.
 First Semester- Week 3
Various Techniques in Summarizing

TRY THIS
1. C 6. C
2. D 7. D
3. D 8. D
4. C 9. C
5. C 10. D

Sum up
Summarization strategies can be used in almost every content area. Teaching students to summarize
improves their memory for what is read, teaches them how to discern the most important ideas in a
text, how to ignore irrelevant information, how to integrate the central ideas in a meaningful way, and
how to take a large selection of text and reduce it to the main points for more concise understanding.
 
 There are various techniques in summarizing academic text. A short story from a text book, for an instance can be effectively
summarize using story elements such as the setting, characters, plot, conflict, and theme. To develop a good understanding of
the basic elements of a story is important for the learners to fully comprehend the story read.
A shorter students text, for example a short story, can be enjoyably and creatively summarize with aid of a graphic
organizer. Longer students text like thesis, dissertation, research papers, and case study can be easily understood when you read
there abstract that follows the IMRaD format. This is structured by for main sections; introduction, methods, results , and
discussion.
A report, such as laboratory report can be summarized by following the IMRaD format and wrapping up the major section
of the laboratory report – introduction, method results, discussion/conclusion/ in one or two sentences. Then, string the
summarize together in a paragraph in the order the sections come in the finale report.

GLOSSARY
Graphic Organizer- a visual representation that shows the relationship between facts and
within a learning task.
Summarizing- creating a condensed version of the information to cover the main points.
Techniques- a method that involves practical skills in doing an activity.
Variety- the quality or state of having or including many different things.
 REMEMBER UNDERSTAND APPLY EVALUATE
What did I What is important Where could I use How well did I do?
accomplish about what I did my learning?

It can help me in any I did not

I finished my tasks real life situations in I could use my procrastinate and I
on time and I the future. learnings in college understand it well.
learned a lot as and in real life
well. problems.
 First Semester- Week 4 and 5
Thesis Statement of Academic Text

Try this
1. T SOLUTION 1
2. F
3. T
4. T PROBLEM
5. T
6. T
7. T SOLUTION 2
8. T
9. T
 Activity 2. THE WAY, YOU MAKE ME FILL

Activity Proper:
Topic 1: Education is important to have.

Supports:

1. It could enable one to get a better paying job.

2. It makes a person a more interesting individuals.

3. It makes a person a more informed citizen.

Main point:

Education is important to have that enable one to get a better paying job, makes a person a more interesting individuals and more informed citizen.

Topic 2: Bowling is a sport for everyone.

Supports:

1. It is not limited to any age group.

2. It can be played at any time.

3. It does not require any expensive equipment.

Main point:

Bowling is a sport for everyone, it is not limited to any age group, it can be played at any time and it does not require any expensive equipment.
Activity 3. SHADES OF MEANING
 Activity 4. TRIAL AND ERROR
1. T
2. NT
3. T
4. NT
5. T
Activity 5. CHECK THE STRENGTH
6. Weak because it lacks specific; what type of sentences?
7. Weak because it is obvious; this is a widely accepted opinion. What about his style makes him a good author.
8. Weak because it is too general; why is history an important subject? What kind of history.
9. Strong because it provides a specific aspect of Dicken’s work to discuss.
10. Strong because it states specifically why socialism is best for Kenya.
11. Strong because it states a specific industry the government should control.
12. Weak; why is he one of the greatest psychologists in medical history? This essay is too general and could discuss almost anything.
13. Strong because it provides a supposed fact that the essay will prove.
Activity 6. CITE IT RIGHT
Thesis Statement:
While cars have undoubted advantages, of which their convenience is the most apparent, they have significant drawbacks, most notably pollution and traffic problems.
Activity 7. STATE IT
Thesis Statement:
Students greatly enjoy performing the experiment described in this paper, and along the way learn some important lessons about applying the First Law of Thermodynamics
and its relevance to our everyday lives.
Activity 8. CITE THE TEXT
Thesis Statement:
A need to examine how kindergarten teachers are responding to this range of learning and behavioral needs in general education classrooms.

Activity 9. WHICH IN WHICH

Thesis Statement:
“The Secret Lion” key symbols in the story reinforce its main theme: change is inevitable and always accompanied by a scene of loss.

Activity 10. LOCATE THE TEXT

Thesis Statement 1:
Don’t meddle with old unloaded firearms, they are the most deadly and unerring things ever created.
Thesis Statement 2:
The failure of Pati’s parents to provide her with guidance, attention and to control her exposure to popular media at a young age prevented her from having a
healthy relationship with her grandparents and a healthy identity.
Thesis Statement 3:
The control and limitations over reading and writing during slavery sought to make slaves like Douglass ignorant, powerless, and therefore more easily
controlled, and this control over literacy and education is still happening in the world today.
Thesis Statement 4:
The thesis is implied and not stated. The reader must put together the clues, from the title, author’s name and description of the immigrants’ accommodations
to figure out the author’s opinion as he appears to have sympathy for the immigrants who suffer poverty, long hours of work, and limited education.
 Sum up
A thesis statement is one to two sentences in the introduction of a text that the writer uses to “set the stage” for the reader. The thesis statement provides the focus
for the writing and lets the reader know what the essay or text is about. Writers use it to focus their ideas and express the main point of their writing.
Moreover, a thesis statement expresses a clear opinion about the limited topic, discusses one major idea, and contains topic sentences which is usually the first
sentence of a paragraph. It signals to the reader the paragraph’s main idea and contains key words from the thesis statement. Furthermore, thesis statement is not a
title, an announcement of the subject or a mere statement of facts.
To develop a strong thesis statement for an academic text, it should possess or have the qualities of specificity, precision, ability to be argued, ability to be
demonstrated and forcefulness.
The thesis statement is naturally hidden, underlying the composition. As a writer, you must identify and draw it out. Identifying a good quality thesis statement
requires careful thought and perhaps several revisions. In academic writing, there are different types of text, and each has a thesis statement. The thesis statement
in academic writing depends on the kind of academic text.
There are different examples of academic text, and the thesis statement plays a big part on it.
First, is the Essay where thesis statement usually appears near the beginning of a paper. It can be the first sentence of an essay, but that often feels like a simplistic,
unexciting beginning. It more frequently appears at or near the end of the first paragraph or two.
Next, Laboratory Reports range from a form to fill in and submit before leaving the lab, to a formal written report. They follow IMRD (Introduction, Method,
Results and Discussion) format as its structure. The thesis statement appears in the introduction of the report and explains the objectives of the current study and
discloses the hypothesis (thesis statement).

Then, Case Study, Thesis/ Dissertation and Research Articles are academic papers in which content is supported by date or other sources. The thesis statement
appears in the introduction of the paper and also in the abstract of the page.

And lastly, Textbook/ Literary Analysis which examines and evaluates a book or any literary topic. The thesis statement is the most significant element of a
literary analysis. It tells the reader what to expect from the text. It is a declarative sentence that states the purpose of the text. Typically, the thesis statement falls at
the end of the introductory paragraph of the text.
 GLOSSARY

Essay- a short form of literary composition based on a single subject matter, and often gives personal opinion of the
author.
Forcefulness- quality of thesis statement that forceful shows readers that you are, in fact, making an argument. The
tone is assertive and takes a stance that others might oppose. Make and assertion based on clearly stated support.
Literary Analysis- the literary analysis examines and evaluates a book or any literary topic.
Laboratory Reports- an academic writing that vary in length and format. These range from form to fill in and
submit before leaving the lab, to a formal written report. They follow IMRD (Introduction, Methods, Results, and
Discussion) format as its structure.
Literary analysis- the literary analysis examines and evaluates a book or any literary topic.
Precision- a quality of thesis statement in which it must be precise enough to allow for a coherent argument and to
remain focused on the topic.
Specificity- a quality of thesis statement in which it must concentrate on a specific area of a general topic. It begins
when you choose a broad subject and then narrow down its parts until you pinpoint a specific aspect of the topic.
Thesis statement- is one to two sentences in the introduction of a text that the writer uses to “set the stage” for the
reader. The thesis statement provides the focus for the writing and lets the reader know what the essay or text is
about. Writers use it to focus their ideas and express the main point of their writing.
Topic Sentence- is the first sentence of a paragraph that signals to the reader what the paragraph’s main idea
will be. It relates back to the argument of the thesis; concisely summarize the key idea of the paragraph; contain
key words from the thesis statement.
ASSESS WHAT YOU HAVE LEARNED
A. B.
1. D 1. G
2. A 2. NG
3. B 3. G
4. B 4. NG
5. A 5. G
6. D
7. C
8. D
9. D
10. C
C.
1. Essay’s Thesis Statement:
In terms of utilizing to the fullest, we are still somehow left behind by terms of high-end resources
which can be freely used by people or government in first world countries.

2. Research Article’s Thesis Statement:

Correlation observed before and after filtration was cadmium was most toxic to Daphnia magna.