Local Gover n m e n t

Administr at io n a n d
Regional G ov er n m e n t

e ry Fre laveil E . L amigo

Presented by: M
LOCAL GOVERNMENT
• Political subdivision of a nation or state (UN, 1962)
• A form of public administration which, in a majority of contexts, exists as the lowest
tier of administration within a given state.

• Pertains to the activity by which officials, both elected and appointed, implement
the goals and manage the resources of the local government unit.

• By nature, local governments are subordinate entities, having no inherent powers

and must look up to the higher governmental level for delegation of authority.

• Two elements – the presence of higher authority and territorial boundary.

LOCAL GOVERNMENT CODE OF 1991 (RA 7160)

• Provides the overarching framework of local governance in the

Philippines.
• Thiscode ordained an authentic and workable local autonomy
through the devolution of certain powers from the national
government to the local governments.
• According to the Constitution of the Philippines, the local governments "shall
enjoy local autonomy", and in which the Philippine President exercises "general
supervision". Congress enacted the Local Government Code in 1991 to "provide
for a more responsive and accountable local government structure instituted
through a system of decentralization with effective mechanisms
of recall, initiative, and referendum, allocate among the different local
government units their powers, responsibilities, and resources, and provide for
the qualifications, election, appointment and removal, term, salaries, powers
and functions and duties of local officials, and all other matters relating to the
organization and operation of local units.” (Wikipedia)

LOCAL GOVERNMENT CODE OF 1991 (RA 7160)

Key principles:
 Local autonomy
 Decentralization
 Accountability
 Participative governance
LOCAL GOVERNMENT CODE OF 1991 (RA 7160)
Dual Agency: Political & Corporate Nature of LGUs (Sec. 15)

• Political
 To serve as an agency or instrumentality of the state in carrying on the
functions of government which the state cannot conveniently exercise
 Act as agent of state for the government of the territory & the inhabitants
within the local government limits

• Corporate
 To act as corporate entity representing the inhabitants of the community
 Act in similar category as a business corporation in the administration of
local affairs beyond the sphere of public purposes for which government
powers are vested like in managing public markets & cemeteries
LOCAL GOVERNMENT CODE OF 1991 (RA 7160)
 GENERAL FUNCTIONS AND POWERS
• Approve ordinances and pass resolutions necessary for the efficient and effective local
government administration
• Generate and optimize the use of resources and revenues for the development plans,
program objectives and priorities of the specific level of local government provided under
Section 18 of the Code (Power to Generate and Apply Resources)
• Subject to the provisions of Book II of the Local Government Code, grant franchises,
approve the issuances of permits or licenses or enact ordinances, and levy taxes, fees and
charges upon such conditions and for such purposes intended to promote the general
welfare of the inhabitants
• Approve ordinances which shall ensure the efficient and effective delivery of basic
services and facilities
• Exercise such other powers and perform such other functions as may be prescribed by law
or ordinance
LOCAL GOVERNMENT CODE OF 1991 (RA 7160)
 CORPORATE POWERS

• To have continuous succession in its corporate name

• To sue & be sued
• To have and use a corporate seal
• To acquire and convey real or personal property
• To enter into contracts
• To exercise other powers granted to corporations subject to limitations in code
& other laws

LOCAL GOVERNMENT CODE OF 1991 (RA 7160)

Local Government Hierarchy
 Levels of Local Government Units (LGUs)

•Provinces and Independent Cities

•Component Cities and Municipalities
•Barangays
In one area, above provinces and independent cities, is an autonomous region
– Autonomous Region of Muslim Mindanao (ARMM).
 Levels of Local Government Units (LGUs)

Province
 The largest unit in the political structure of the Philippines.
 The intermediate level that provides supervision to the municipalities and
component cities under it, and performs services for the national
government.
Sec. 459. Role of the province. – The province, composed of a cluster of
municipalities, or municipalities and component cities, and as a political and
corporate unit of government, serves as a dynamic mechanism for developmental
processes and effective governance of local government units within its
territorial jurisdiction.
 Levels of Local Government Units (LGUs)

• Classification
Provinces are classified according to average annual income based on the previous 4
calendar years. Effective July 29, 2008, the thresholds for the income classes for provinces
are:
Class Average Annual Income
 First ₱ 450 million or more
 Second ₱ 360 million or more but less than ₱ 450 million
 Third ₱ 270 million or more but less than ₱ 360 million
 Fourth ₱ 180 million or more but less than ₱ 270 million
 Fifth ₱ 90 million or more but less than ₱ 180 million
 Sixth below ₱ 90 million
 Levels of Local Government Units (LGUs)

City
 All Philippine cities are chartered cities, whose existence as
corporate and administrative entities are governed by their own
specific charters in addition to the Local Government Code of 1991.
Sec. 448. Role of the city. – The city, consisting of more urbanized and
developed barangays, serves as a general-purpose government for the
coordination and delivery of basic, regular, and direct services and
effective governance of the inhabitants within its territorial jurisdiction.
 Levels of Local Government Units (LGUs)

• Classification
 Highly urbanized - Cities with a minimum population of two
hundred thousand (200,000) inhabitants, as certified by the
national statistics office, and with the latest annual income of at
least fifty million pesos (P50,000,000.00) based on 1991 constant
prices, as certified by the city treasurer.
 Levels of Local Government Units (LGUs)

• Classification
 Independent Component Cities - Cities whose charters prohibit their
voters from voting for provincial elective officials. Independent component
cities are independent of the province.
 Component Cities - Cities which do not meet the above requirements are
considered component cities of the province in which they are
geographically located. If a component city is located within the boundaries
of two (2) or more provinces, such city shall be considered a component of
the province of which it used to be a municipality.
 Levels of Local Government Units (LGUs)
• Income Classification
Cities are classified according to average annual income based on the previous 3
calendar years. Effective July 28, 2008, the thresholds for the income classes are:
Class Average Annual Income
• First PHP 400 million or more
• Second PHP 320 million or more but less than PHP 400 million
• Third PHP 240 million or more but less than PHP 320 million
• Fourth P HP 160 million or more but less than PHP 240 million
• Fifth PHP 80 million or more but less than PHP 160 million
• Sixth below PHP 80 million
 Levels of Local Government Units (LGUs)

Municipality
 Is a political corporate body which is endowed with the facilities of a
municipal corporation, exercised by and through the municipal government in
conformity with law. It is a subsidiary of the province which consists of a
number of barangays within its territorial boundaries, one of which is the seat
of government found at the town proper (poblacion).
Sec. 440. Role of the municipality. -The municipality, consisting of a group of
barangays, serves primarily as a general purpose government for the coordination
and delivery of basic, regular and direct services and effective governance of the
inhabitants within its territorial jurisdiction.
 Levels of Local Government Units (LGUs)

Barangay
 The smallest political unit into which cities and municipalities in the Philippines are
divided. It is the basic unit of the Philippine political system. It consists of less than
1,000 inhabitants residing within the territorial limit of a city or municipality and
administered by a set of elective officials, headed by a barangay chairman (Punong
barangay).
Sec. 384. Role of the barangay.- As the basic political unit, the barangay serves as the primary
planning and implementing unit of government policies, plans, programs, projects, and
activities in the community, and as a forum wherein the collective views of the people may be
expressed, crystallized and considered, and where disputes may be amicably settled .
Branches of Local Government Units [LGUs]

Executive
Legislative
Judiciary
 Branches of Local Government Units [LGUs]

Executive
• Composed of the governor for the provinces, mayor for the cities
and municipalities, and the barangay captain for the barangays.
• They are called Local Chief Executives (LCEs)
 Branches of Local Government Units [LGUs]

Legislative
• Composed of the Sangguniang Panlalawigan (provincial assembly) for the
provinces, Sangguniang Panlungsod (city assembly) for the cities,
Sangguniang Bayan (town assembly) for the municipalities, Sangguniang
Barangay (barangay council), and the Sangguniang Kabataan for the youth
sector.
• Serves as the lawmaking & consultative body
 Branches of Local Government Units [LGUs]

Judiciary
• Administered solely by the Supreme Court of the Philippines.
 ELECTIVE OFFICIALS COMMON TO ALL PROVINCES
• Governor
• Vice Governor
• Sangguniang Panlalawigan:
• Presiding officer
• Regular members determined by class of unit
• President of the Liga ng mga Barangay
• President of Sangguniang Kabataan Federation
• President of the Federation of Sangggunian Members
• Sectoral Representatives: women, agricultural or industrial workers, and other sectors
(urban poor, indigent cultural communities, or disabled)
 ELECTIVE OFFICIALS COMMON TO ALL CITIES &
MUNICIPALITIES
• Mayor
• Vice mayor
• Sangguniang Panlungsod/Bayan:
• Presiding officer
• Regular members of the sanggunian
• President of the Liga ng mga Barangay
• President of the Sangguniang Kabataan Federation
• Sectoral Representatives: women, agricultural or industrial workers, and other sectors
(urban poor, indigenous cultural communities or disabled)
 ELECTIVE OFFICIALS COMMON TO ALL BARANGAYS

• Punong Barangay
• 7 Sanggunian Members
• Sangguniang Kabataan Chairperson
• With 7 SK Members
 Creation and Modification of Local Governments

• As a matter of principle, higher legislative entities have the power to

create, divide, merge, abolish, or substantially alter boundaries of
any lower-level LGU through a law or by an ordinance, all subject to
approval by a majority of the votes cast in a plebiscite to be
conducted by the Commission on Election (COMELEC) in the local
government unit or units directly affected. The Local Government
Code has also set requisites for creating local government units.
 Creation and Modification of Local Governments

Legislative bodies
Local Area Population Income that can create,
government merge, abolish or
substantially alter
the boundaries of
the LGU
Province 2,000 square 250,000 P20 million for the last Congress
Kilometers two (2) consecutive
years based on 1991
constant prices

City 100 square 150,000 P20 million for the last Congress
Kilometers two (2) consecutive
years based on 1991
constant prices
 Creation and Modification of Local Governments

Municipality 50 square 25,000 P2.5 million for

Kilometers the last two (2)
consecutive • Congress
years based on • ARMM Regional Assembly
1991 constant
prices
Barangay None 5,000 (Metro Manila None • Congress
and highly urbanized • ARMM Regional Assembly
• Sangguniang Panlalawigan,
cities)
with recommendation from
2,000 (rest of the
the concerned Sangguniang
country) Bayan(s) required
• Sangguniang Panlungsod
Responsibilities
Among the social services and facilities that local government should provide, as
stipulated in section 17 of the local government code, are the following:
• Facilities and research services for agriculture and fishery activities, which
include seedling nurseries, demonstration farms, and irrigation systems;
• Health services, which include access to primary health care, maternal and
child care, and medicines, medical supplies and equipment;
• Social welfare services, which include programs and projects for women,
children, elderly, and persons with disabilities, as well as vagrants, beggars,
street children, juvenile delinquents, and victims of drug abuse;
Responsibilities
• Information services, which include job placement information systems and
a public library;
• A solid waste disposal system or environmental management system;
• Municipal/city/provincial buildings, cultural centers, public parks,
playgrounds, and sports facilities and equipment;
• Infrastructure facilities such as roads, bridges, school buildings, health
clinics, fish ports, water supply systems, seawalls, dikes, drainage and
sewerage, and traffic signals and road signs;
Responsibilities
• Public markets, slaughterhouses, and other local enterprises;
• Public cemetery
• Tourism facilities and other tourist attractions; and
• Sites for police and fire stations and substations and municipal jail
 REGIONAL GOVERNMENT
Region
• A sub-national administrative unit comprising of several
provinces having more or less homogenous
characteristics, such as ethnic origin of inhabitants,
dialect spoken, agricultural produce, etc.
 AUTONOMOUS REGION IN MUSLIM MINDANAO
(ARMM)

• Located in the Mindanao island group of the Philippines, that is

composed of predominantly Muslim provinces, namely: Basilan
(except Isabela City), Lanao del Sur, Maguindanao, Sulu and Tawi-
tawi. It is the only region that has its own government.
Establishment of the ARMM
• The Autonomous Region of Muslim Mindanao was first created on
August 1, 1989 through Republic Act No. 6734 (otherwise known as
the Organic Act) in pursuance with a constitutional mandate to
provide for an autonomous area in Muslim Mindanao.
• Only four provinces - Lanao del Sur, Maguindanao, Sulu and Tawi-tawi
- voted favorably for inclusion in the new autonomous region.
• The ARMM was officially inaugurated on November 6, 1990 in
Cotabato city, which was designated as its regional capital.

AUTONOMOUS REGION IN MUSLIM MINDANAO (ARMM)

Organizational Structure - EXECUTIVE

• The region is headed by a regional governor. The regional governor and

regional vice governor are elected directly like regular local executives.
Regional officials have a fixed term of three years, which can be extended by
an act of Congress.
• The regional governor is the chief executive of the regional government, and
is assisted by a cabinet not exceeding 10 members. He appoints the
members of the cabinet, subject to confirmation by the Regional Legislative
Assembly. He has control of all the regional executive commissions,
agencies, boards, bureaus and offices.

AUTONOMOUS REGION IN MUSLIM MINDANAO (ARMM)

Organizational Structure - LEGISLATIVE

• The ARMM has a unicameral Regional Legislative Assembly headed by a

speaker. It is composed of three members for every congressional district. The
current membership is 24, where 6 are from Lanao del Sur including Marawi
City, 6 from Maguindanao, 6 from Sulu, 3 from Basilan and 3 from Tawi-tawi.

• The Regional Legislative Assembly is the legislative branch of the ARMM

government. The regular members (3 members/district) and sectoral
representatives, have 3-year terms; maximum of 3 consecutive terms.

AUTONOMOUS REGION IN MUSLIM MINDANAO (ARMM)

POWERS AND BASIC PRINCIPLES

• RA 9054 provides that ARMM "shall remain an integral and inseparable part of
the national territory of the republic.“

• The President exercises general supervision over the Regional Governor. The
regional government has the power to create its own sources of revenues and to
levy taxes, fees, and charges, subject to constitutional provisions and the
provisions of RA 9054.

• The shariah applies only to Muslims; its applications are limited by pertinent
constitutional provisions (prohibition against cruel and unusual punishment).

AUTONOMOUS REGION IN MUSLIM MINDANAO (ARMM)

THANK YOU AND GOD BLESS!!!