Cause

and
Effect
Relationship
 DEFINITION

When an event causes another event to

happen, both of the events have a cause
and effect relationship.
Example:
– Because I woke up late, I missed the bus.
– I was absent yesterday so I did not see the
new teacher.
 HOW TO RELATE EVENTS

– Use of Conjunctions
Conjunctions are used to connect one
dependent clause to its main clause.
– Use of Conjunctive Adverbs
Conjunctive Adverbs are used to connect a
sentence to another sentence or one idea
to another idea in a sentence.
 CAUSE AND EFFECT
CONJUNCTIONS

There are some cause and effect conjunctions to

use. They are:
– because
o Because he was sleepy, he went to bed.
o He went to bed very early yesterday because
he was tired.
– since
o Since he’s not interested in classical music, he
decided not to go to the concert.
 CAUSE AND EFFECT
CONJUNCTIONS
– now that
oNow that the semester is finished, I’m
going to rest a few days and then take a
trip.
– as
oAs she had nothing in particular to do,
she called up a friend and asked her if
she wanted to take in a movie.
 CAUSE AND EFFECT
CONJUNCTIONS
– as long as / so long as
oAs long as (So long as) you’re not busy,
could you help me with this work?
– inasmuch as
oInasmuch as the two government leaders
could not reach an agreement, the
possibilities for peace are still remote.
 CAUSE AND EFFECT
CONJUNCTIONS
– so …… that
oShe speaks so fast that I can’t understand
her.
oThe coffee is so hot that I can’t drink it now.
– such ….. that
oIt was such good coffee that I had another
cup.
oIt was such a foggy day that we couldn’t see
the road.
 CAUSE AND EFFECT
CONJUNCTIVE ADVERBS

There are some conjunctive adverbs that can be used

to show cause and effect relationship.
They are:
– so as to
o I went to the post office so as to buy some stamps.
o We must burn more wood so as not to be cold.
o I put some signs in places I passed so as not to be
lost.
o So as to get a passport, firstly you should fill out
the form on the website.
 CAUSE AND EFFECT
CONJUNCTIVE ADVERBS

– hence
oHis mother was Italian, hence his name -
Luca.
oThe roads were covered in ice; hence it was
not safe to drive.
oThe customer was displeased with her meal,
hence the chef prepared a replacement.
 CAUSE AND EFFECT
CONJUNCTIVE ADVERBS

– therefore
o John studied hard for the math exam.
Therefore, he got an A+.
o Germany viewed the Russian mobilization as
an act of war and therefore declared war on
Russia.
o Higher amounts of rainfall will be possible in
the hills and therefore mudslides could be a
concern in spots.
 CAUSE AND EFFECT CONJUNCTIVE
ADVERBS

– consequently
o Emilie suffered from insomnia and depression and
consequently was prescribed anti depressants.
o Gas prices rose too high for Matt to afford; consequently, he
sold his car and made his daily commute by bike.
– as a consequence
o She has lived in France, and as a consequence speaks
French fluently.
o Many people in our society have criminal records as a
consequence of what I consider to be unworkable drug
laws.
 CAUSE AND EFFECT CONJUNCTIVE
ADVERBS

– in consequence
o In consequence of your bad work I am forced to dismiss
you.
o The child was born deformed in consequence of an injury
to its mother.
– thus
o The term "polymer" is derived from the Greek "poly",
meaning "many", and "mer", meaning "parts". Thus,
polymers are substances made of "many parts".
o This detergent is highly concentrated and thus you will
need to dilute it.
 CAUSE AND EFFECT
CONJUNCTIVE ADVERBS
– as a result
o Sally passed her drive test. As a result, she received
her driver's license.
o The flood came about as a result of the heavy spring
rains.
o As a result of a series of European wars, Florida was
ceded to England.
– in order to
o I meditate in order to relax.
o They work long hours in order to take home a fat wage
packet.
 CAUSE AND EFFECT
CONJUNCTIVE ADVERBS
– because of
o The Prime Minister returned home because of growing
unrest in the country.
o Don’t throw away the apple because of the core.
o Because of the fire, hundreds of houses went up in
smoke.
– due to
o Traffic was very slow coming home today due to a
heavy snowstorm.
o Due to a broken wing, this bird can't fly.
o The failure is due to the inadequacy of preparations.