Percentage Change

PERCENTAGE CHANGE:
The change in the value of an item can be expressed as a percentage increase or decrease in
the original value.
Example:
Find percentage increase:
Find an increase of 5% in the salary of a man who earns $1600 per month.
Method 1:
Total salary = 100%
Increase of 5% means = 105%
Now we will find 105% of his monthly salary
= 105% x $1600
= x 1600 Method 2:
= 105 x 16 Increase in salary = 5% x 1600
= $1680 = x 1600
Increase in salary = $1680 - $1600 = $80
Increase in salary = $80
Find percentage decrease:
Find the decrease of 5% in the salary of a man who earns $1600 per month.
Method 1:
Total salary = 100%
Decrease of 5% means = 95%
Now we will find 95% of his monthly salary
= 95% x $1600
= x 1600
= 95 x 16
= $1520 Method 2:
Decrease in salary = $1600 - $1520 Decrease in salary = 5% x 1600
Decrease in salary = $80 = x 1600
= $80
Formula to find Percentage increase or Decrease:
New value = Final Percentage x original value

Increase/Decrease = Percentage increase/decrease x original value

Exercise 8B
Q1: Find the value of each of the following.
a) Increase 60 by 35%
Ans:
= 35% of 60
= x 60
= 21
Total Increased value = 60 + 21
Total Increased value = 81

Method 2: Original value = 100%

increased % = 135%
= 135% x 60
= x6
= 81
b) Decrease 120 by 45%
c) Decrease 216 by 37 2x = 170
x=
Q2: a) 20% of a number is 17. Find the number.
Ans: Let the number = x x = 85
20% of number = 17 So the number = 85
20% x = 17
x = 17
Q2
b) 175% of a number is 49. Find the number
Ans:
Let the number =
175% of = 49
x = 49
175 = 49 x 100
175 = 4900
, =

, = 28
So the number is 28
c) The result of a number, when increased by 15% is 161. Find the number
Ans:
Let the number =
115% of = 161
x = 161
115 = 16100
=
=
= 140 So the number is 140
d) The result of a number, when decreased by 20% is 192. Find the number
Ans:
Let the number =
80% of = 192
x = 192
80 = 19200
=
= 240
So the number is 240
Q3: An elastic band which is 72 cm long, is stretched to 90cm. Find the percentage increase in its length.
Ans: Original length of elastic = 72 cm
Stretched Length = 90 cm
Increase in length = 90 – 72
Increase in Length = 18 cm
Percentage increase in length = x 100%

Percentage increase in length = 25%

Q5: The price of a desktop computer decreases from $1360 to $1020. Find the percentage decrease in its price.
Ans:
First price of desktop computer = $1360
Decreased = $1020
Decreased in price = $1360 - $1020
Decreased in price = $340

Percentage decrease in price = x 100%

Percentage decrease in price = 25%

Q6: A car was bought in 2009 for $120000. In 2010, its value decreased by 20%. In 2011, its value decreased by 10% of
its value in 2010. Find the value of the car at the end of 2011.
Ans:
Purchase price of car in 2009 = $120000
Decrease value in 2010= 20% of 120000
Decrease value= x 120000

Decrease in value in 2010 = $24000

Decrease price in 2010 = $120000 - $24000

Decrease price in 2010 = $96000
Q7: 45% of the students who take part in a creative writing competition are boys. If 135 boys take part in the
competition, find the total number of students who take part in the competition.

Ans: Unitary Method:

45% of students are boys = 135

1% of students =

Multiply 100 on both sides

100% of students = x 100

100% of students = 300

There are 300 students who take part in the competition

Q8: A house costs 36% more today than when it was built. If cost of the house today is $333 200, find its cost when it was
built.
Ans: original cost = 100%
Today’s cost = 136%

Unitary Method:

136% of original cost = $333 200

1% of original cost =

Multiply 100 on both sides

100% of original cost = x100

100% of original cost = $245 000

The cost of the house when it was built is $245 000

Q9: If 10% is deducted from a bill, $58.50 remains to be paid. How much is the original bill?
Ans:
Unitary method:

original bill = 100%

Deducted amount = 10%

90% of original bill = $58.50

1% of original bill =

Multiply 100 on both sides

100% of original bill = x 100

100% of original bill = $655

The original bill is $65.

Q10: The number 2400 is first increased by 30%. The value obtained is next decreased by 20%. Find the final number.
Ans:
Value obtained after initial increase = 130% x 2400

= x 2400

= 3120

Final number = 80% x 3120

= x 2400

Final number = 2496