EARTH, AIR, WATER AND

FIRE
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Energy in our planet flows in its subsystem. It moves in
and out of these system, and during any movement within
them, some is lost to the surroundings, as heat, light,
sound or vibration.

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 DIFFERENT
ENERGY RESOURCES

3
 “
Earth’s energy comes from internal and external sources.
Radioactive Energy and Gravitational Energy are both
internal sources of energy while the Sun is the major
external source.

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 Fossil Fuels

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 “
A fuel that is formed in the earth from dead plants and
animals.

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 Oil and Natural Gas

form from tiny plants and animals that once

dominated the oceans. As these organisms died,
they settle on the ocean floor turning into
sedimentary rock. As the layers of sedimentary
rock grew,
 Oil and Natural Gas

the organic materials ended up being placed under

a great amount of pressure. Over the years that
passed, this high pressure transformed the
decomposed materials into valuable source of
energy that we know as oil and natural gas.
 Coal

Million of years ago, leafy plants and trees are in

swaps and bogs that covered much of the Earth.
This created a soupy plant-peat. The peat became
buried under layers of sediment and water is
squeezed out.
 Coal

After millions of years, compounds within the peat

were subjected to heat and pressure, and unto the
carbon-rich substance that we know now as coal.
 Coal and Coal Formation

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 Lignite

Soft, brownish-black coal that forms the

lowest level of the coal family. In some
lignite, you can still see the texture of the
original wood.
 Sub-bituminous

Is a dull black coal. It gives off a little more

energy (heat) that lignite when it burns.
 Bituminous

Is sometimes called “soft coal.” Compared

with sub-bituminous coal, there is more
energy in bituminous coal.
 Anthracites

The hardest coal and gives off a great

amount of heat when it burns.