Chemical Reactions and

Chemical Equations
Chemical reaction
•is a process that involves
rearrangement of the molecular or
ionic structure of a substance which
is different to a change in physical
form.
Chemical process
• Reactant • Product
The atoms and The substances
molecules interact produced after a
with each other or chemical change.
undergo chemical
change
Chemical Equation
•A shorthand method of
writing a chemical
reaction.
There are standard ways of representing chemical reactions. The following
symbols are used in chemical equations, opposite of which their
designations.
Synthesis Reactions
• Also known as a composition reaction, a
synthesis reaction is a reaction in which two or
more substances combine to form a new
compound.

A+B AB
Example of synthesis reactions
Synthesis of Sodium chloride
Na(s) + Cl2(g) NaCl
Synthesis of Magnesium oxide
Mg(s) + O2(g) MgO

Synthesis of water
H2 (g) + O2(g) H2O
Decomposition Reaction
• is the reverse of a synthesis reaction and is a
reaction in which single compound undergoes a
reaction that produces two or more simpler
substances or simply known as “BREAKDOWN”
AX A+X
 Example of decomposition reactions

Decomposition of Sodium chloride

NaCl Na + Cl2
Remember this!!!
• Carbonates decompose into Carbon dioxide and oxide
• Chlorates decompose into oxygen gas and chloride
• Hydroxides decompose into water and an oxide
• Oxides decompose into oxygen
 Example of decomposition reactions

Decomposition of Silver Oxide

Ag2O O2 + Ag
 Example of decomposition reactions

Decomposition of Magnesium hydroxide

Mg (OH) 2 H2O + MgO

Note: Hydroxides decompose into water and an oxide

Single- replacement reaction
•Or displacement reaction, is a reaction in
which one element replaces a similar
element in a compound.
A + BX AX + B
Product: Element + compound
Example of single replacement
reactions:

Al + Na2O No reaction
 Example of single replacement
reactions:

Ca + Fe Cl2 Fe + CaCl2
Example of single replacement reactions:

Chlorine
Flourine
Bromine
Iodine

KF + Cl2 F + KCl
AlCl3 + Br2 no reaction
Example of single replacement
reactions:

AgI + Br2 I2 + AgBr

Example of single replacement
reactions:

Mg + HBr H2 + MgBr
H2 + MgBr2
Example of single replacement
reactions:

CuCl2+ Zn Cu + ZnCl
Cu2 + ZnCl2
Example of single replacement
reactions:

l2+ BeCl2 NO REACTION

 Double replacement Reaction
• Is a reaction in which the ions of two
compounds exchange places in an aqueous
solution to form two new compounds.
AX + BY AY + BX
Solubility Rules
 Example of double replacement reactions:

Na2 (SO4) + Ag3 (PO)4 Ag+1 SO4+2 + Na +1PO4-3

Ag+1 SO4+2 + Na +1PO4-3
 Example of double replacement reactions:

SrCO3 + NH4OH NH4 +1 CO3-3 + Sr+2 OH-1

(NH4)4 CO3 (aq) + Sr (OH)2(aq)

NO REACTION
Combustion

• When a compound burns in air it is actually reaction

with the oxygen in the air. As a result, it is referred to
as oxidation reaction.
• Hydrocarbon easily burn; the product of the burning
under normal conditions are carbon dioxide and water
vapor.
The general form for combustion reaction
is:

Hydrocarbon + Oxygen carbon dioxide + water

 General Reactants Reaction Products
equation Type
CxHy + O2 CO2 + H2O Oxygen Combustion CO2 + H2O