•Life cycle in plants

•1.The plant life cycle consists of four stages?

•-Seed, sprout, small plant, adult plant
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2.How do plants reproduce?
•-Sexual and asexual
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3. What is sexual reproduction?
•-Plants have both male and female reproductive organs to reproduce
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4.What is asexual reproduction?
•-Is when a new organism is made and only involves one parent which is identical to the offspring
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5. Asexual reproduction can be studied in two groups as?
•-Natural and artificial asexual reproduction
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6. Natural asexual reproduction can be done through?
a) grafting
b) vegetative propagation
c) meiosis
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7. Artificial asexual reproduction can be done through?
a) sporulation
b) binary fission
c) taking cuttings
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8.Plants that have spores are?
•-Ferns, mosses and green algae
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9.Fern life cycle has two free living?
•-Gametophyte and the sporophyte phase
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10.Vegetative Propagation can be done in form of?
- Stem tubers or runners.

The life cycle of seed plants, and the factors affecting their development
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1. The life cycle of the corn plant is divided into two phases:
• -The vegetative growth phase and the reproductive development phase
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2.The factors affecting plants development are:
• -Water, warmth and air
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3. Write the stages of Reproductive phase in corn life cycle?
- Fruits with seeds, seed, germination, sprout, flowering, fruit
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4. If the pollen grains from a male flower (in the corn flower - many flowers together) fall on the female flower of the same individual, we have?
a) cross-pollination
b) self-pollination
5.If the pollen of a male flower pollinates the female flowers of other plants we have?
a) cross-pollination
b) self-pollination

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•Animal reproduction

1. The main type of reproduction in animals (vertebrates and invertebrates) is:

a) asexual reproduction
b) sexual reproduction
c) sexual reproduction and asexual reproduction (can be seen).
2. Asexual reproduction in invertebrates can be in form of?
•-Regeneration, using spores, budding.
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3. What is External fertilization?
•-Is a mode of reproduction in which a male organism's sperm fertilizes a female organism's egg outside of the female's body.
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4. What is internal fertilization?
•-Is the union of an egg and sperm cell during sexual reproduction inside the female body
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5.In coelenterates the zygote it is in form of larvae called?
•-Planula
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6. Animals with internal fertilization can be divided into 3 groups:
•-Oviparous, ovoviviparous and viviparous animals
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7.What is metamorphosis?
•-Metamorphoses are the ways certain animals grow, develop, and change shape.
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8.There are two types of Metamorphosis?
•-. Complete Metamorphosis and Incomplete Metamorphosis
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9.What is incomplete metamorphosis?
•-Only some parts change and has 3 stages
•10.Incomplete metamorphosis has three intermediate stages and they are?
•-Egg, nymph and adult
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11.What is complete Metamorphosis?
•-Is the type of insect development that includes egg, larva, pupal, and adult stages, which differ greatly in morphology.
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12.Write down some examples of complete metamorphosis?
•-Butterflies, ants, bees, moths, wasps, fleas.

•Mitosis
1. Differences between chromosomes and chromatids?
•-Chromosome: bundle of DNA and proteins, contain linked genes
•-Chromatid: identical elements of a replicated chromosome, sister chromatids are tied at the centromere
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2.The five phases of the cell cycle are?
•-G1, S phase, G2 phase, Mitosis and cytokinesis
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3.Three stages of interphases?
•G1, S Phase and G2 Phase
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3.What is mitosis?
•The process during cell division in which the nucleus of a cell is divided into two nuclei is called mitosis.
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4.What is cytokinesis?
•The process during cell division in which the cytoplasm divides is called cytokinesis.

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Meiosis

•1.What is meiosis?
• The process that halves the number of chromosomes in a cell
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2. what happens in Meiosis I?
•During meiosis-I, each of the double set of chromosomes is replicated to produce a complete copy of every gene in the nucleus. These sets are passed on to the two daughter cells.
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3.What happens in Meiosis II?
•Meiosis II is very similar to mitosis. During prophase II a spindle apparatus forms, attaches to kinetochores of each sister chromatids, and moves them around.
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4.Is there an interphase in Meiosis II?
a)Yes
b)No
c)Yes but it stopped in the way
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5.In the end of Meiosis how many daughter cells are formed and with what number of chromosomes?
- 4 haploid daughter cells

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