Three Generations

AMPS
WCDMA
NMT GSM
CDMA2000
TACS GPRS
TD SCDMA
HCMTS

1G 2G 3G
 1G
• Start early 80’s
• Analogue technique
• AMPS (Advanced Mobile Phone System): North America
• NMT (Nordic Mobile Telephony): North Europe
• TACS (Total Access Communication Service): Europe, China
• HCMTS (High Capacity Mobile Telephone System): Japan
 2G
• Start early 90’s
• Digital technique
• GSM : Global System of Mobilephone
• GPRS : General Packet Radio Service
• D-AMPS : Digital AMPS
Invented by Bell Labs; installed
In US in 1982; in Europe as TACS
Advanced Mobile Phone System (AMPS)
AMPS facts
Analog FM modulation
RF bandwidth 30 kHz. The band can accommodate 832 duplex
channels, among which 21 are reserved for call setup, and the
rest for voice communication.
Frequency allocated by FCC on 824-849 MHz for downlink and
869-894 MHz for uplink traffic.
Uses the same system throughout the US
Available in U.S., Canada, Hong Kong, New Zealand, Thailand
A narrowband versus exists with a 10 kHz channel spacing,
such that 2496 channels can be assigned, in stead of 832 for
the normal AMPS mode.
Fig: AMPS system
 GSM
• The GSM air interface has been evolved into
Enhanced Data Rate for GSM Evolution (EDGE)
with variable data rate and link adaptation.
• EDGE utilizes highly spectrum‑efficient modulation
for bit rates higher than existing GSM technology.
• EDGE requires upgrade of existing base transceiver
station, which supports high‑speed data transmission
in smaller cells and at short ranges within cells.
• EDGE does not support ubiquitous coverage; that is,
it supports island coverage in indoor, pico, and micro
cells.
 3G
• Compared with second‑generation systems, third‑generation
systems offer
– better system capacity
– high‑speed
– wireless Internet access (up to 2 Mbps)
– wireless multimedia services, which include audio, video,
images, and data.
– Several technologies, such as General Packet Radio
Service (GPRS) and EDGE, bridge second‑generation
systems into third generation systems.