Professional Documents
Culture Documents
LU2 Job Analysis
LU2 Job Analysis
LU2 Job Analysis
Job Analysis
1–1
© 2013
2012 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part, except for use as
permitted in a license distributed with a certain product or service or otherwise on a password-protected website for classroom use.
After studying this chapter, you should be able to
LEARNING OUTCOME 1 Explain what a job analysis is, the parts that comprise it and how
the information it generates is used in conjunction with a firm’s
HRM functions.
LEARNING OUTCOME 2 Explain how the data for a job analysis typically is collected.
LEARNING OUTCOME 3 Identify and explain the various sections of job descriptions.
LEARNING OUTCOME 4 Provide examples illustrating the various factors that must be
taken into account when designing a job.
LEARNING OUTCOME 5 Discuss the various job characteristics that motivate employees.
LEARNING OUTCOME 6 Describe the different group techniques used to broaden a firm’s
job functions and maximize the contributions of employees.
LEARNING OUTCOME 7 Identify the different types of work schedules organizations are
using today to motivate their employees.
©
© 2012
2013Cengage
CengageLearning. All Rights
Learning. Reserved.
All Rights May not
Reserved. Maybe copied,
not be scanned, or duplicated,
copied, scanned, in whole or ininpart,
or duplicated, wholeexcept
or inforpart,
use except
as permitted
for use as
in a licensein
permitted distributed
a licensewith a certain product
distributed or service
with a certain or otherwise
product on a password-protected
or service or otherwise on a website for classroom use.
password-protected website for classroom use.
2 of 26
36
What is Job Analysis
1–3
©
© 2012
2013Cengage
CengageLearning. All Rights
Learning. Reserved.
All Rights May not
Reserved. Maybe copied,
not be scanned, or duplicated,
copied, scanned, in whole or ininpart,
or duplicated, wholeexcept
or inforpart,
use except
as permitted
for use as
in a licensein
permitted distributed
a licensewith a certain product
distributed or service
with a certain or otherwise
product on a password-protected
or service or otherwise on a website for classroom use.
password-protected website for classroom use.
3 of 26
36
Job Requirements
• Job Description
Statement of the tasks, duties, and responsibilities
(TDRs) of a job to be performed
• Job Specification
Statement of the needed knowledge, skills, and
abilities (KSAs) of the person who is to perform
the job
Job specifications used in selection must relate
specifically to the duties of the job.
©
© 2012
2013Cengage
CengageLearning. All Rights
Learning. Reserved.
All Rights May not
Reserved. Maybe copied,
not be scanned, or duplicated,
copied, scanned, in whole or ininpart,
or duplicated, wholeexcept
or inforpart,
use except
as permitted
for use as
in a licensein
permitted distributed
a licensewith a certain product
distributed or service
with a certain or otherwise
product on a password-protected
or service or otherwise on a website for classroom use.
password-protected website for classroom use.
4 of 26
36
HRM Functions Affected by a Job Analysis
©
© 2012
2013Cengage
CengageLearning. All Rights
Learning. Reserved.
All Rights May not
Reserved. Maybe copied,
not be scanned, or duplicated,
copied, scanned, in whole or ininpart,
or duplicated, wholeexcept
or inforpart,
use except
as permitted
for use as
in a licensein
permitted distributed
a licensewith a certain product
distributed or service
with a certain or otherwise
product on a password-protected
or service or otherwise on a website for classroom use.
password-protected website for classroom use.
5 of 26
36
©
© 2012
2013Cengage
CengageLearning. All Rights
Learning. Reserved.
All Rights May not
Reserved. Maybe copied,
not be scanned, or duplicated,
copied, scanned, in whole or ininpart,
or duplicated, wholeexcept
or inforpart,
use except
as permitted
for use as
in a licensein
permitted distributed
a licensewith a certain product
distributed or service
with a certain or otherwise
product on a password-protected
or service or otherwise on a website for classroom use.
password-protected website for classroom use.
6 of 26
36
Job Analysis Methods:
Providing Basic Core Information
• Observation
Focus on job relevant behaviors
• Interview
Probably the most widely used technique
• Questionnaires
Usually the least costly approach
• Job incumbent diaries or logs
Examines routine and non-routine job duties
4-7
©
© 2012
2013Cengage
CengageLearning. All Rights
Learning. Reserved.
All Rights May not
Reserved. Maybe copied,
not be scanned, or duplicated,
copied, scanned, in whole or ininpart,
or duplicated, wholeexcept
or inforpart,
use except
as permitted
for use as
in a licensein
permitted distributed
a licensewith a certain product
distributed or service
with a certain or otherwise
product on a password-protected
or service or otherwise on a website for classroom use.
password-protected website for classroom use.
7 of 26
36
Key Elements of a Job Description
• Job Title
Indicates job duties and organizational level
• Job Identification
Distinguishes job from all other jobs
• Essential Functions (Job Duties)
Indicate responsibilities entailed and results
to be accomplished
• Job Specifications
Skills required to perform the job and physical
demands of the job
©
© 2012
2013Cengage
CengageLearning. All Rights
Learning. Reserved.
All Rights May not
Reserved. Maybe copied,
not be scanned, or duplicated,
copied, scanned, in whole or ininpart,
or duplicated, wholeexcept
or inforpart,
use except
as permitted
for use as
in a licensein
permitted distributed
a licensewith a certain product
distributed or service
with a certain or otherwise
product on a password-protected
or service or otherwise on a website for classroom use.
password-protected website for classroom use.
8 of 26
36
Sample Job Description and Specifications
©
© 2012
2013Cengage
CengageLearning. All Rights
Learning. Reserved.
All Rights May not
Reserved. Maybe copied,
not be scanned, or duplicated,
copied, scanned, in whole or ininpart,
or duplicated, wholeexcept
or inforpart,
use except
as permitted
for use as
in a licensein
permitted distributed
a licensewith a certain product
distributed or service
with a certain or otherwise
product on a password-protected
or service or otherwise on a website for classroom use.
password-protected website for classroom use.
9 of 26
36
Sample Job Description and Specifications
©
© 2012
2013Cengage
CengageLearning. All Rights
Learning. Reserved.
All Rights May not
Reserved. Maybe copied,
not be scanned, or duplicated,
copied, scanned, in whole or ininpart,
or duplicated, wholeexcept
or inforpart,
use except
as permitted
for use as
in a licensein
permitted distributed
a licensewith a certain product
distributed or service
with a certain or otherwise
product on a password-protected
or service or otherwise on a website for classroom use.
password-protected website for classroom use.
10 of 26
36
Problems with Job Descriptions
©
© 2012
2013Cengage
CengageLearning. All Rights
Learning. Reserved.
All Rights May not
Reserved. Maybe copied,
not be scanned, or duplicated,
copied, scanned, in whole or ininpart,
or duplicated, wholeexcept
or inforpart,
use except
as permitted
for use as
in a licensein
permitted distributed
a licensewith a certain product
distributed or service
with a certain or otherwise
product on a password-protected
or service or otherwise on a website for classroom use.
password-protected website for classroom use.
11 of 26
36
Developing Jobs for
Individuals & Teams
• Job Design
• A pure focus on efficiency will not achieve HR objectives.
• Job design should take into account factors that make jobs
motivating to employees.
Job Design
©
© 2012
2013Cengage
CengageLearning. All Rights
Learning. Reserved.
All Rights May not
Reserved. Maybe copied,
not be scanned, or duplicated,
copied, scanned, in whole or ininpart,
or duplicated, wholeexcept
or inforpart,
use except
as permitted
for use as
in a licensein
permitted distributed
a licensewith a certain product
distributed or service
with a certain or otherwise
product on a password-protected
or service or otherwise on a website for classroom use.
password-protected website for classroom use.
12 of 26
36
Basis of Job Design
©
© 2012
2013Cengage
CengageLearning. All Rights
Learning. Reserved.
All Rights May not
Reserved. Maybe copied,
not be scanned, or duplicated,
copied, scanned, in whole or ininpart,
or duplicated, wholeexcept
or inforpart,
use except
as permitted
for use as
in a licensein
permitted distributed
a licensewith a certain product
distributed or service
with a certain or otherwise
product on a password-protected
or service or otherwise on a website for classroom use.
password-protected website for classroom use.
13 of 26
36
Job Characteristics Model: Designing
Jobs to Motivate Employees
©
© 2012
2013Cengage
CengageLearning. All Rights
Learning. Reserved.
All Rights May not
Reserved. Maybe copied,
not be scanned, or duplicated,
copied, scanned, in whole or ininpart,
or duplicated, wholeexcept
or inforpart,
use except
as permitted
for use as
in a licensein
permitted distributed
a licensewith a certain product
distributed or service
with a certain or otherwise
product on a password-protected
or service or otherwise on a website for classroom use.
password-protected website for classroom use.
14 of 26
36
Characteristics of Jobs
©
© 2012
2013Cengage
CengageLearning. All Rights
Learning. Reserved.
All Rights May not
Reserved. Maybe copied,
not be scanned, or duplicated,
copied, scanned, in whole or ininpart,
or duplicated, wholeexcept
or inforpart,
use except
as permitted
for use as
in a licensein
permitted distributed
a licensewith a certain product
distributed or service
with a certain or otherwise
product on a password-protected
or service or otherwise on a website for classroom use.
password-protected website for classroom use.
15 of 26
36
Enlargement, Rotation, & Enrichment
• Job enlargement
The process of adding a greater variety of tasks
to a job.
• Job rotation
a process whereby employees rotate in and out
of different jobs.
• Job enrichment
Enhancing a job by adding more meaningful
tasks and duties to make the work more
rewarding or satisfying
©
© 2012
2013Cengage
CengageLearning. All Rights
Learning. Reserved.
All Rights May not
Reserved. Maybe copied,
not be scanned, or duplicated,
copied, scanned, in whole or ininpart,
or duplicated, wholeexcept
or inforpart,
use except
as permitted
for use as
in a licensein
permitted distributed
a licensewith a certain product
distributed or service
with a certain or otherwise
product on a password-protected
or service or otherwise on a website for classroom use.
password-protected website for classroom use.
16 of 26
36
Empowerment, Crafting, & Engagement
• Employee Empowerment
Granting employees power to initiate change, thereby
encouraging them to take charge of what they do
• Job Crafting
A naturally occurring phenomenon whereby
employees mold their tasks to fit their individual
strengths, passions, and motives better
• Employee Engagement
A situation in which workers are enthusiastic and
immersed in their work to the degree that it improves
the performance of their companies
©
© 2012
2013Cengage
CengageLearning. All Rights
Learning. Reserved.
All Rights May not
Reserved. Maybe copied,
not be scanned, or duplicated,
copied, scanned, in whole or ininpart,
or duplicated, wholeexcept
or inforpart,
use except
as permitted
for use as
in a licensein
permitted distributed
a licensewith a certain product
distributed or service
with a certain or otherwise
product on a password-protected
or service or otherwise on a website for classroom use.
password-protected website for classroom use.
17 of 26
36
Forms of Employee Teams
©
© 2012
2013Cengage
CengageLearning. All Rights
Learning. Reserved.
All Rights May not
Reserved. Maybe copied,
not be scanned, or duplicated,
copied, scanned, in whole or ininpart,
or duplicated, wholeexcept
or inforpart,
use except
as permitted
for use as
in a licensein
permitted distributed
a licensewith a certain product
distributed or service
with a certain or otherwise
product on a password-protected
or service or otherwise on a website for classroom use.
password-protected website for classroom use.
18 of 26
36
Flexible Work Schedules
• Flextime
Working hours that permit employees the option of choosing
daily starting and quitting times, provided that they work a set
number of hours per day or week.
• Compressed Workweek
Shortening the number of days in the workweek by
lengthening the number of hours worked per day.
• Job Sharing
The arrangement whereby two part-time employees perform a
job that otherwise would be held by one full-time employee.
• Telecommuting
The use of personal computers, networks, and other
communications technology such as fax machines to do work
in the home that is traditionally done in the workplace.
©
© 2012
2013Cengage
CengageLearning. All Rights
Learning. Reserved.
All Rights May not
Reserved. Maybe copied,
not be scanned, or duplicated,
copied, scanned, in whole or ininpart,
or duplicated, wholeexcept
or inforpart,
use except
as permitted
for use as
in a licensein
permitted distributed
a licensewith a certain product
distributed or service
with a certain or otherwise
product on a password-protected
or service or otherwise on a website for classroom use.
password-protected website for classroom use.
19 of 26
36
Keys for Successful Telecommuting
©
© 2012
2013Cengage
CengageLearning. All Rights
Learning. Reserved.
All Rights May not
Reserved. Maybe copied,
not be scanned, or duplicated,
copied, scanned, in whole or ininpart,
or duplicated, wholeexcept
or inforpart,
use except
as permitted
for use as
in a licensein
permitted distributed
a licensewith a certain product
distributed or service
with a certain or otherwise
product on a password-protected
or service or otherwise on a website for classroom use.
password-protected website for classroom use.
20 of 26
36
Learning Outcomes
1 Explain what a job analysis is, the parts that comprise it and Are there any HR functions that are not affected by the job analysis process? If
how the information it generates is used in conjunction with so, what are they?
a firm’s HRM functions.
2 Explain how the data for a job analysis typically is collected. Answer the questions in Highlights in HRM 1 based on the job you currently
hold or most recently held. Do the answers give you enough information to
create a job analysis?
3 Identify and explain the various sections of job descriptions. Using your answers to the questions asked in Highlights in HRM 1, write
a job description for your job or the job you most recently held. Are there
elements of the job that are not reflected in the job description?
7 Identify the different types of work schedules organizations Name some of the jobs people do at your school. Which of the jobs do
you think could effectively incorporate flexible work schedules? Which
are using today to motivate their employees.
could not?
©
© 2012
2013Cengage
CengageLearning. All Rights
Learning. Reserved.
All Rights May not
Reserved. Maybe copied,
not be scanned, or duplicated,
copied, scanned, in whole or ininpart,
or duplicated, wholeexcept
or inforpart,
use except
as permitted
for use as
in a licensein
permitted distributed
a licensewith a certain product
distributed or service
with a certain or otherwise
product on a password-protected
or service or otherwise on a website for classroom use.
password-protected website for classroom use.
21 of 26
36