10th grade

LIGHT
 Introduction
Light is form of energy that you can see!
Every day, light waves reflect on objects
and into your eyes, which allows you to
see the objects. Light also helps you
identify objects both near and far.
In Grade 7, 8, and in the previous modules,
you learned about electromagnetic spectrum.
One of the most common among these
electromagnetic waves is the visible
light.
 Objectives
1. Trace the development of the
theories about the nature of light
2. Describe the production of visible
light
3. Enumerate colors reflected by light
 Nature of Light
Isaac Newton discovered that white light is
made up of seven colors and that formation of
shadows indicates that light travels in a
straight line.
He proposed the corpuscular theory of light.
Light consists of
corpuscles or tiny
particles shooting out
like tiny bullets from a
source and travels at a
straight lines through
space.
Christian Huygens, a Dutch
physicist, proposed the wave
theory to explain the
propagation of light.
He suggested that light is train
of waves similar to those that
result from dropping an object
into a pool of water.
According to James Maxwell, light is the small
part of the electromagnetic spectrum which
affects our vision.
Light is propagated in space as
electromagnetic waves. This is known as the
electromagnetic wave theory of light.
This theory was confirmed by Heinrich Hertz,
a German physicist, when he showed that light
and other electrically generated waves were of
the same nature except that they differ in
wavelength and frequency.
 What is light?
● Light is another type of wave that carries
energy.
● A light ray is a narrow beam of light that
travels in a straight line.
● Light is an electromagnetic wave and doesn’t
need a medium in which to travel.
 Measurement of Light
Light comes from natural and artificial sources.
The sun and the stars are the natural sources of
light.
They are referred as luminous objects because
they give off light of their own.
The brightness of light they produce is
called luminous intensity.
Nonluminous objects are those that do not give
off light.
They only reflect the light received from other
sources.
The moon and objects like tables, books, and
trees are nonluminous.
They are illuminated bodies.
The amount of illumination they receive is
called illuminance.
 Two types of light
Incandescence
Emitted by hot objects such as sun and other
stars, the flame from the burner and the
filament of electric lamp
Fluorescence
Is cooler and uses less electricity than incandescent
light. The inside of fluorescent lamp is coated with
phosphors which absorb ultraviolet energy and glows
producing visible light
Incandescent Fluorescent
 Effects of materials on light
Opaque Translucent Transparent
Materials that Materials that let Materials that let
let no light some light through almost all light
through them but scatter it so the through them
image isn’t clear
 Properties of light

01 02 03
Reflection Refraction Dispersion
The rebounding The bending of The process by
of a wave from light as it travels which light is
the surface of from a transparent separated into its
the medium medium of a color due to
different optical differences in
density degrees of refraction
 04 06
Interference 05 Diffraction
The superimposition
Polarization The scattering
of two waves of
The property of certain of white light
light producing a
electromagnetic behind an
loss of energy in
radiations in which the obstruction
certain areas and an
direction and magnitude
intensification of
of the vibrating electric
energy in others
field are related in a
specified way
Refraction Reflection
Dispersion Interference
Polarization Diffraction
 Color
● When light hits opaque objects, some light
is absorbed the rest is reflected. We see the
reflected light as the color of the object.
● If an object reflects the red wavelengths of
light, it looks red. If it reflects the green
wavelengths it looks green.
 Primary Colors of Light
● Light of almost any color can be made by
mixing different amounts of red, green, and
blue light.
● Red, green, and blue are known as the
primary colors of light.
 Primary Pigment Colors
● The color of the pigment you see is the
color of the light waves that are reflected
from it. The primary pigment colors are
yellow, magenta, and cyan. You can make
almost any color by mixing different
amounts of these primary pigment colors.
 Complimentary colors form white light

Primary: Secondary:
Red Yellow
Green Cyan
Blue Magenta
 What’s In

Directions: Fill in the blanks in the

sentence below. Below each paragraph
are words corresponding on the
properties and behavior of light that you
will encounter in this topic.
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 electromagnetic radiation photons
rays vacuum
Light is a natural agent that stimulates sight and
make things possible. It is a type of energy
known as 1.______________________. It is given
out by luminous objects such as the sun, light
bulbs and laser. It is made up of little packets of
energy called 2.___________.
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Light travels as waves. But unlike sound waves,
it does not need any material to carry its energy
along. This means that light can travel through a
3. ___________a completely airless space. Light
waves travel out from their source in a straight
lines called 4. __________. electromagnetic
radiation photons rays vacuum
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 absorbed reflection
scatters transmitted
Light behaves in a variety of ways when it
comes in contact with water, air, and other
matters. When light strikes matter, a part of
light is 5. “__________” into the matter and is
transformed into heat energy.
30
. If the matter that the light strikes is a
transparent material, the light component that
was not absorbed within the material is
6.“___________” through and exits to the outer
side of the material. If the surface of the material
is smooth (a mirror for example), 7.“_________”
occurs, but if the surface is irregular having pits
and protrusions, the light 8. “__________”. 31
Part II- do what is asked.
Enumerate the following:
1-4- Scientists that describe the
theory about light.
5-6- Natural sources of light
7-12 – Properties of light
13-18 – What are the primary colors of white
light and its pigments
19-23 – What is light?(5 pts)