Implementation Of

CRM In Initial Pilot

Training
 Sequence
• Background
• Questions
• CRM Defined
• Objectives
• CRM Training
• Phases of CRM implementation
• CRM procedures
• Major course design areas

CRM In Initial Pilot Training

 Sequence
• Training applications
• Overview of crew assessment
• Conclusion / Questions

CRM In Initial Pilot Training

 Background
• Many accidents result:-
– Not from a technical malfunction of the aircraft
or its systems
– Nor from a failure of aircraft handling skills or
a lack of technical knowledge

Inability of aircrew to respond

appropriately to the situation
CRM In Initial Pilot Training
 Background (Contd)

CRM
• CRM was developed as a response to
new insights
– Flight recorders
– Cockpit voice recorders
• Introduction of the dynamic flight
simulator
• Additional training in flight
management techniques was
introduced
CRM In Initial Pilot Training
 Questions
• What CRM skills are required of professional
pilots?
• How does a curriculum incorporating CRM
differ from the current initial training
curriculum?
• What kind of teaching strategies can be
implemented in the initial flight training to
include CRM skills?
• What are the essential elements of a plan
that will integrate CRM into initial flight
training?
CRM In Initial Pilot Training
 CRM Defined
• A management system which makes
optimum use of all available resources
• Central aim of CRM is to ensure high
quality decision making across the whole
spectrum of flight operations

CRM In Initial Pilot Training

 CRM Defined
• CRM encompasses a wide range of
knowledge, skills and attitudes including:-
– Communications
– Situational awareness
– Problem solving
– Decision making
– Teamwork

CRM In Initial Pilot Training

 Objectives
• To enhance crew and management
awareness of human factors that can cause
incidents
• To enhance knowledge of human factors
and develop CRM skills and attitudes
• To improve the working environment for crew
• To use CRM knowledge in the conduct of
aircraft operations

CRM In Initial Pilot Training

 CRM

Technical Skills
Cognitive Interpersonal
skills skills

CRM In Initial Pilot Training

 CRM Training
• Key elements of a CRM program are:-
– Development of procedures
– Training of the instructor/evaluators
Initial instructor / evaluator training
should focus on CRM procedures
and their assessment
Instructor needs substantial practice
to develop assessment skills
CRM In Initial Pilot Training
 CRM Training
• Awareness Phase
• Training Phase
• Recurrent CRM Training

CRM In Initial Pilot Training

 How CRM Procedures Work
• It should be an integral part of SOPs
• CRM procedures may be integrated within
briefings, checklists, and emergency
procedures
• CRM procedures may be embedded in
most critical and in a range of crew
activities

CRM In Initial Pilot Training

 Major course design areas
• Course design areas include emphasis on:-
– Teambuilding and crew co-ordination

CRM In Initial Pilot Training

 Major course design areas
– Psychological factors

CRM In Initial Pilot Training

 Major course design areas
– Conflict resolution

CRM In Initial Pilot Training

 The Curriculum
• Should include a focus on such skills as:-
– Interpersonal communication

CRM In Initial Pilot Training

 The Curriculum
– Situation awareness

CRM In Initial Pilot Training

 The Curriculum
– Problem solving / decision making

CRM In Initial Pilot Training

 The Curriculum
– Sound judgment

CRM In Initial Pilot Training

 The Curriculum
– Leadership

CRM In Initial Pilot Training

 The Curriculum
– Stress management

CRM In Initial Pilot Training

 The Curriculum
– Critique

CRM In Initial Pilot Training

 Training Applications
• CRM training usually takes place in groups and is
assisted by a trained facilitator equipped with :-
– Knowledge
– Skills
– Techniques

CRM In Initial Pilot Training

 Training Applications
The best CRM training is
• Video taped scenarios can be
utilized to impart adequate CRM
training
conducted in aircraft
• Employment of strategy involving
simulator by presenting
the use of videotaped re-
creations of illustrative accidents

scenarios that require

actions relevant to CRM
CRM In Initial Pilot Training
 Training Applications
– Awareness of the necessity of
CRM skills through the
distribution of informational
articles

CRM In Initial Pilot Training

 Training Applications
– Exercises can be developed
for group problem solving

CRM In Initial Pilot Training

Finally, forApplications
Training evaluators, it
•is essential
Videos should also to make
include humor
learners
• They analyze
should be short
negative situations
to avoid boredom
• Use examples of good
and
then follow up with a
performance

segment that shows

appropriate behavior
CRM In Initial Pilot Training
Overview of Crew Assessment
• Two forms of crew assessment can
provide performance data:-
– Individual based assessment allows
– Line Checks

CRM In Initial Pilot Training

 Behavioural markers
• CRM should be implemented as an ongoing
process involving the entire organization
• Review sessions can help to keep key
personnel informed about CRM
development
• Steps should be taken to ensure instructors
are informed about the advancements in the
field

CRM In Initial Pilot Training

Conclusion
Questions