Grade 10

13.
The world of life
Classification of organisms
 Classification of organisms
It is believed that life originated on earth
about 3.6 billion years ago. It is accepted
that life originated as unicellular organisms
and thereafter complex multicellular organisms
evolved gradually. These organisms can be classified into 3 main
domains as follows,

• Domain Archaea
• Domain Bacteria
• Domain Eukarya
 Domain Archaea

• The organisms which belong to this domain are prokaryotes,

which are cells that do not have an organized nucleus.
 1. They have the ability to live in extreme
environmental conditions such as…

• Volcanoes
• Hot Springs
• High Saline Environments
• Deserts
• Ocean Beds
• Polar Ice Caps
2. Resistive to Antibiotics
• These aren’t sensitive to antibiotics,
and therefore cannot be destroyed by
them
 Some Examples For Archaea

Korarchaeota

Euryarchaeota

Crenarchaeota
Domain
Bacteria
About Domain Bacteria

● The organisms which belong to this are also

prokaryotes without an organized nucleus.
● But unlike Archaea, the organisms belonging
to this domain are sensitive to antibiotics and
sometimes even pathogenic.
The bacteria belonging to this group can be classified
into two,

Bacteria Cyanobacteria
 What is Cyanobacteria?

Cyanobacteria are also known as blue-green algae.

They differ from other bacteria as cyanobacteria contain
chlorophyll-a, while most bacteria do not contain chlorophyll.
Chlorophyll-a is a pigment that gives them their characteristic
blue-green color.
 Harms and Uses of Bacteria

Uses Harms
● Used to produce cheese, curd and ● Can cause diseases such as
yoghurt Tuberculosis and Pneumonia

● Separation of fibres from coconut ● Food spoilage

husk, agave leaves and to tan
leather ● Decomposition of food can impart
a foul smell to the environment
● To fix atmospheric nitrogen

● To fix soil nitrate level

● To decompose dead bodies and

structures
VIRUS
 Features of virus
The virus was first observed by a Russian scientist named
D.J. Ivonouski in 1892. They are not identified as living
organisms. They possess both living and non-living features.
The only living feature of them is the multiplication within a
host cell. A virus is an infectious living or nonliving organism
consisting of a segment of nucleic acid (either DNA or RNA)
surrounded by a protein coat. A virus cannot replicate alone;
instead, it must infect cells and use components of the host
cell to make copies of itself.
Examples for Viruses

Corona
Domain
Eukarya
 Features
The most prominent organisms with
eukaryotic cellular organization belong
to this domain.
These organisms have the ability to live
in different environments
Are sensitive to antibiotics
There are 4 kingdoms belonging to this domain

Kingdom Protista Kingdom fungi

Simple eukaryotic Eukaryotic organisms that
organisms that are include microorganisms
neither plants, such as yeasts, moulds and
animals nor fungi mushrooms

Kingdom plantae Kingdom animalia

Includes all land plants,
eykaryotic multicellular Consists of all animals or
and autotrophic all multicellular organisms
organisms
Kingdom
Protista
 What is Protista?

• Either unicellular or multicellular organisms without any specialized tissues

which possess a eukaryotic cellular organization can be put into the
kingdom of Protista
 Some characteristics of Protista

Features
Most protists are aquatic, while
others are found in moist and
damp environments

Environment Consists of
This kingdom mainly
They live in environments consists of Algae and
associated with water Protozoa
 Uses Harms
• Acts as a primary producer, • Some protozoans cause diseases to
• In the food chains of aquatic humans
environments
• Involved in forming mutualistic
associations with fungi called
lichens
• Used to extract agar which is used to
prepare culture media to grow
bacteria
• Used to extract alginic acid used to
make ice cream
Kingdom
Fungi
What are Fungi?

• The fungi kingdom consists of organisms

with chitinous cell walls and eukaryotic
cellular organization.
• There are around 1.5 to 5 million
unicellular and multicellular forms of them
 Ups and Downs of Fungi

Ups Downs

• It can be used as a • Spoilage of food

• Supplement for protein
• To cause diseases to plants
• Used for bread and alcohol and animals
fermentation

• Used to produce antibiotics

• Helps with decomposition