Green’s Theorem

Lec # 10
 Introduction
• Green's theorem gives a relationship between the line integral of a
two-dimensional vector field over a closed path in the plane and the
double integral over the region it encloses.
• The statement in Green's theorem that two different types of
integrals are equal can be used to compute either type: sometimes
Green's theorem is used to transform a line integral into a double
integral, and sometimes it is used to transform a double integral into
a line integral.
Statement
• Let C be a positively oriented, piecewise smooth, simple closed curve
in a plane, and let D be the region bounded by C. If P and Q are
functions of (x,y) defined on an open region containing D and have
continuous partial derivatives there, then

where the path integral is traversed counterclockwise.

 Understanding
This is partial integration
where when integration w.r.t y
is taken then x acts as
constant.

Regions shown in figures are

called type I and type II
regions and while
understanding LHS of the
equation of green’s theorem,
we shall consider the region
changing in type I and type II
simultaneously.
Taking equation
• We shall take above equation for regions type I and type II changing
simultaneously.
𝑦 𝑦
¿ c

¿
𝑓𝑖𝑔1 R R 𝑓𝑖𝑔2

¿
¿
a b 𝑥 𝑥
• Now in above equation, fig 1 will be reference fig for integration of
partial derivative P wrt y and vice versa.
𝑦
¿
R
¿
a b 𝑥
𝑦
c

¿
R

¿
𝑥

d
Thus Green's theorem transforms the line integral
around C into a double integral over the region inside C.
THANKS