PE 2

Philip Francis Fuerte

 TOPIC
MECHANICS SECTION
Prepare a pen or
a pencil and
let’s have fun.
1 HISTORY OF BASKETBALL

RULES AND REGULATION OF

2 BASKETBALL

TERMINOLOGIES AND EQUIPMENT IN

3 BASKETBALL
 BASKETBALL

BASKETBALL, game played between two teams of five

players each on a rectangular court, usually indoors.
Each team tries to score by tossing the ball through the
opponent’s goal, an elevated horizontal hoop and net
called a basket.
 HISTORY of BASKETBALL

The only major sport strictly of U.S. origin,

basketball was invented by James Naismith
(1861–1939) on or about December 1, 1891, at the
International Young Men’s Christian Association
(YMCA) Training School (now Springfield
College), Springfield, Massachusetts, where
Naismith was an instructor in physical education.
 HISTORY of BASKETBALL

For that first game of basketball in

1891, Naismith used as goals two
half-bushel peach baskets, which
gave the sport its name. The students
were enthusiastic. After much
running and shooting, William R.
Chase made a midcourt shot—the
only score in that historic contest.
 BASKETBALL TODAY

National Basketball Association (NBA), professional basketball

league formed in the United States in 1949 by the merger of
two rival organizations, the National Basketball League
(founded 1937) and the Basketball Association of America
(founded 1946). In 1976 the NBA absorbed four teams from the
American Basketball Association (ABA), which disbanded that
year.
 NBA TEAMS: EAST

• Atlantic Division: Boston Celtics, Brooklyn Nets, New York Knicks,

Philadelphia 76ers, Toronto Raptors

• Central Division: Chicago Bulls, Cleveland Cavaliers, Detroit

Pistons, Indiana Pacers, Milwaukee Bucks

• Southeast Division: Atlanta Hawks, Charlotte Hornets, Miami Heat,

Orlando Magic, Washington Wizards
 NBA TEAMS: WEST

• Southwest Division: Dallas Mavericks, Houston Rockets, Memphis

Grizzlies, New Orleans Pelicans, San Antonio Spurs

• Northwest Division: Denver Nuggets, Minnesota Timberwolves,

Oklahoma City Thunder, Portland Trail Blazers, Utah Jazz

• Pacific Division: Golden State Warriors, Los Angeles Clippers, Los

Angeles Lakers, Phoenix Suns, Sacramento Kings
 BASKETBALL
EQUIPMENTS

THE BALL
The most important thing for training is the ball. There are certain
guidelines which one needs to follow when buying a basketball. For
practicing, one can play with a rubber ball. For professional competitions,
one needs to use an inflated ball made of leather.
Official size of a basketball is 29.5 to 30 inches in circumference for men’s
game and 28.5 inches in circumference for women’s game. It should weigh 18
to 22 ounces. When bounced off 6 feet from the floor, a well inflated ball
should bounce 49 to 54 inches in height.
 BASKETBALL
EQUIPMENTS

SHOES
One needs specialized shoes when playing basketball. It should be able to
give better support to the ankle as compared to running shoes. The
basketball shoes should be high-tipped shoes and provide extra comfort
during a game. These shoes are specially designed to maintain high traction
on the basketball court.
 BASKETBALL
EQUIPMENTS

HOOP / BASKET
The hoop or basket is a horizontal metallic rim, circular in shape. This rim is
attached to a net and helps one score a point. The rim is mounted about 4 feet
inside the baseline and 10 feet above the court.
 BASKETBALL
EQUIPMENTS

BASKETBALL COURT
The basketball court is the next important thing for shooting balls in this
game. The court is usually made of wooden floorboard. The court size is
about 28m x 17m according to the International standards. The National
Basketball Association (NBA) regulation states the floor dimension as 29m x
15m. The standard court is rectangular in shape and has baskets placed on
opposite ends.
 BASKETBALL
EQUIPMENTS

BACKBOARD
The backboard is the rectangular
board that is placed behind the
rim. It helps give better rebound to
the ball. The backboard is about
1800mm in size horizontally and
1050mm vertically. Many times,
backboards are made of acrylic,
aluminum, steel or glass.
 BASKETBALL
EQUIPMENTS

UNIFORM
When one starts coaching a basketball team, the most important requirement
for a team is to have a uniform. This helps one differentiate teams from one
another. A uniform consists of a jersey (shirt), shorts, numbers on the front
and back of the shirts for identification.
 BASKETBALL
EQUIPMENTS

SHOT CLOCK
The offense is allowed a maximum of 24 seconds to have a ball in hand before
shooting. These 24 seconds are counted on the shot clock. If the offense fails
to shoot a ball that hits the rim, they will lose the possession of the ball to the
other team.
 BASKETBALL
EQUIPMENTS
WHISTLE
The coach or referee uses a whistle to indicate the start or end of a
game. S/he can even use the whistle to stop the play in the middle
of a game. Whistle also helps to indicate fouls, timeout, or out of
bound balls to the players. In order to get the attention of the
players, many times coaches use the whistle to gather the players.
It does not matter if one does not have every object mentioned in
the list above. All that is needed is a hoop, basketball and proper
shoes to practice the game. Hope the above information is helpful
to those who are trying to hone their raw talent for a professional
career.
 BASKETBALL RULES AND
REGULATIONS
Only five players per team on the court
In the NBA, WNBA, and NCAA basketball, each team can play a
maximum number of five players on the court. If a team breaks this main
rule, they will lose possession of the ball. Sometimes this inadvertently
happens, particularly at low levels of the game, when substitute players
check into the game and others don't leave the court in time.
 BASKETBALL RULES AND
REGULATIONS

Score more than your opponent to win

To win the game, a team must score more field goals than the other
team. A field goal refers to any basket a player scores during gameplay.
Field goals can be worth two or three points. Field goals shot from
inside the arc that designates the three-point line on the court are
worth two points. Field goals shot from outside the arc are worth three
points. Field goals can take the form of jump shots, layups, slam dunks,
and tip-ins.
 BASKETBALL RULES AND
REGULATIONS

Score within the shot clock

Teams have a limited amount of time to shoot the ball during a given
possession. In the NBA and WNBA, teams are allowed 24 seconds of
possession before they must shoot, while NCAA teams are allowed 30
seconds. A shot clock mounted above the hoop on each side of the court
displays and counts down the time allotted. If the shot clock elapses, the
opposing team forfeits the ball and becomes the defensive team.
 BASKETBALL RULES AND
REGULATIONS
Dribbling advances the ball
Basketball players may only advance the ball by passing or dribbling (bouncing
the ball on the floor) as they move up and down the court. If a player stops
dribbling, they may not resume; instead, they must pass the ball or shoot it. If an
offensive player with possession of the ball stops then continues dribbling before
passing or shooting, the referee will call a “double dribble,” and the opposing
team gets the ball. Additionally, players may only advance the ball by dribbling
it. If they run while holding the ball, they are traveling. Referees will issue a
traveling call, and possession of the ball will go to the opposing team.
 BASKETBALL RULES AND
REGULATIONS

The offense has five seconds to inbound the ball

After the offense scores a basket, the opposing team receives possession
of the ball. One of their players has to inbound the ball from a
designated spot on the sidelines of the court to resume gameplay. The
player has five seconds to pass the ball to another player on his team, or
else the team loses possession. The defender cannot contact the ball
when the offensive player is trying to inbound it, or the referee can
issue a technical foul.
 BASKETBALL RULES AND
REGULATIONS

The offense must advance the ball

Once an offensive team advances the ball past the half-court line, the
ballhandler may not cross that line again, or a referee will award
possession of the ball to the opposing team.
 BASKETBALL RULES AND
REGULATIONS

Ball and ballhandler must remain inbounds

During gameplay, the player with possession of the ball must stay
within the designated inbounds lines marked on the court. If a player
steps out of bounds or touches this line with their foot while holding the
ball, the referee will award possession to the opposing team.
Additionally, if a player shoots the ball while their foot is touching the
line and the shot is successful, it will not count.
 BASKETBALL RULES AND
REGULATIONS

Defenders can’t interfere with a shot on a

downward trajectory
After the offensive player shoots the ball, it is illegal for a defensive
player to interfere with it once it begins its descent toward the rim. This
interference is called a goaltend and will result in an automatic field
goal for the offense.
 BASKETBALL RULES AND
REGULATIONS

Defenders can legally block or steal the ball

The defending team’s goal is to prevent the offensive team from scoring
by either stealing the ball, blocking the ball from entering the basket,
or using defensive tactics to prevent an offensive player from shooting
and scoring.
 BASKETBALL RULES AND
REGULATIONS

Defenders must leave the paint

after three seconds
The area directly in front of the basket is sometimes referred to as "the
paint" or "inside the key." Offensive players may not camp out in this
area waiting for the ball or an offensive rebound. Any individual player
can spend a maximum of three seconds at a time in the space before they
have to move. Once they step out of the paint, they can return. If the
referee notices a player hovering in the paint for over three seconds, the
team will receive a three-second violation.
 BASKETBALL RULES AND
REGULATIONS
Each team is allotted a certain number of fouls
The NBA allows each team a total of five fouls per quarter. Once a team
surpasses this allotment, they go “into the bonus,” which means the officials will
award the opposing team with free throws for every additional foul that a player
commits in that quarter of play. In the NCAA, these foul shots are known as "one
and one" shots, which means that if a player makes the first free throw, they
receive a second free throw. If they miss the first free throw, either team can
rebound the errant shot and claim possession. After 10 team fouls, the opposing
team gets a "double bonus," which means they get to take two foul shots.
 BASKETBALL RULES AND
REGULATIONS
Illegal contact results in a foul
When a basketball player commits illegal physical contact against an
opposing player, the referees will call a personal foul. Most player fouls
involve contact that impedes an opposing player's gameplay. When a player
fouls another player on an opposing team in the act of shooting, the referee
rewards the fouled player with unguarded free throws from the foul line.
Each successfully made free throw counts for one point. Referees can assess
coaches with fouls for unsportsmanlike acts, such as using profanity to
dispute a missed call.
 BASKETBALL RULES AND
REGULATIONS
Illegal contact results in a personal foul
A personal foul is an infraction that violates the rules of the game. Players
can incur personal fouls by pushing, blocking, or striking another player in
the act of shooting. Shooting fouls result in free throw attempts for the fouled
player. If a defender fouls a shooter attempting a two-point shot, the shooter
will receive two free throws. If a shooter is fouled during a three-point shot
attempt, they will receive three free throws. If the player makes the shot they
were attempting at the time of illegal contact, the basket counts, and the
shooter will receive one free throw.
 BASKETBALL RULES AND
REGULATIONS
Excessive contact results in a flagrant foul
Flagrant fouls refer to a personal foul that can potentially injure the opponent. These
fouls carry heavier penalties, such as fines, immediate ejection, and even suspension.
There are two types of flagrant fouls: flagrant foul—penalty (1) and flagrant foul—
penalty (2). Flagrant 1 refers to fouls involving unnecessary contact. The penalty for this
foul type is a free throw for the opponent and possession of the ball. Flagrant 2 refers to
any foul involving unnecessary and excessive contact. Officials perform an instant-play
review to determine if an act qualifies for the flagrant 2 penalty. If it does, the player at
fault is assessed a fine and an automatic ejection from the game, and the opposing team
receives free throws and possession of the ball.
 BASKETBALL RULES AND
REGULATIONS

Charges and illegal screens

result in an offensive foul
An offensive foul is a personal foul that offensive players commit when
their team possesses the ball. The two most common offensive fouls are
charging and illegal ball screens. Charging is when an offensive player
makes contact with a defensive player who has planted their feet in a
locked position. An illegal screen is when a non-ball-handling offensive
player moves while setting a screen for their teammate to prevent the
defender from moving about the court.
 BASKETBALL RULES AND
REGULATIONS
Certain rule violations result in
technical fouls
A technical foul is a penalty for violating the game’s administrative rules.
Officials commonly assess technical fouls for fighting and verbal abuse, often
assessing coaches with this penalty if they are too abrasive when disputing a
call. Technical fouls result in a free throw and a change of possession. If a
player or coach receives two technical fouls in the same game, the referee will
eject them. Players with a long history of technical fouls risk suspension from
the regular season and even playoff games.
 BASKETBALL
TERMINOLOGIES
• Air ball: A shot that misses the rim or backboard.
• Alternating Possession Rule: The possession arrow changes direction after
each subsequent jump ball or held ball situation, alternating which team gets
possession for the throw-in. The first possession after a held ball goes to the
team who lost the opening jump ball to begin the game.
• Assist: A pass to a teammate that results in a made basket.
• Backdoor: An offensive move where a player cuts behind the defenders and
receives a pass for a field-goal attempt.
 BASKETBALL
TERMINOLOGIES
• Ball Handler: The player with the ball. Usually the guard at the start of the play.
• Bank Shot: A shot where the ball is first bounced or banked off the backboard at
such an angle that it then drops into the basket.
• Blind Pass: A pass from a ball handler who does not see their receiver but is
estimating where they should be.
• Blocked Shot: The successful deflection of a shot by touching part of the ball on
its way to the basket, and preventing a field goal.
• Blocking: The use of a defender’s body position to legally prevent an opponent’s
advance. It is the opposite of charging.
 BASKETBALL
TERMINOLOGIES
• Boxing out: The defensive player turns and faces the basket following a shot
and with his or her back to the opponent, and ensures that the player being
guarded can’t ‘rebound’ the ball.
• Charging: An offensive foul, which occurs when an offensive player runs into
a defender who has established position.
• Crossover dribble: When a ball handler dribbles the ball across their body
from one hand to the other.
• Cut: A quick movement by an offensive player without the ball to gain an
advantage over the defense usually directed towards the basket.
 BASKETBALL
TERMINOLOGIES
• Double Dribble: The act of dribbling the ball, stopping the dribble or motion of the
ball and beginning to dribble again. Results in a violation and turnover.
• Downtown: Referred to as a shot that was considered to distant for the normal
shooter to take or in the ‘3-point’ area.
• Dribble: The act of bouncing the ball up and down. The offensive player with the ball
uses the dribble to move the ball around the court.
• Drive: The movement of an offensive player while aggressively dribbling towards the
basket in an attempt to score.
• Dunk: A shot in which a jumping player slams the ball down into the opponent’s
basket from above.
 BASKETBALL
TERMINOLOGIES
• Fastbreak: The act of moving the ball quickly down court by an offensive
team in hopes of getting ahead of the defense to score.
• Field Goal: When the ball enters the basket from above the rim during play. It
is worth two points.
• Flagrant Foul: This is unnecessary or excessive contact against an opponent.
• Foul: Actions by players, which break the rules but are not floor violations.
They are penalized by a change in possession or free throw opportunities.
• Fouled Out: A player having to leave the game because they have committed
five fouls.
 BASKETBALL
TERMINOLOGIES

• Free Throw: The act of shooting the ball from the marked free throw line (ranging
10-15 feet from the basket) while the remaining players line up down the ‘key’.
Shot is taken at the result of a foul or technical foul being called.
• Goaltending: Interference with a shot by touching the ball or basket while the ball
is on, over, or within the rim. Also touching the ball on its downward flight to the
basket before it hits the rim.
• Half time: The rest period between two halves of the game. Usually 5 minutes in
length.
• High percentage shot: A shot that is likely to go in the basket, typically taken near
the hoop.
 BASKETBALL
TERMINOLOGIES
• High post: A player who is stationed in or near the free throw semicircle on
offense.
• Inbounds: The area within the end lines and sidelines of the court.
• Inside Shooting: Shots taken by a player near or under the basket.
• Jump shot: Field-goal attempt by a player with both feet off the floor,
enabling the player to shoot over the defender.
• Lay-up or Lay in: A shot taken after driving to the basket by leaping up under
the basket and using one hand to shoot the ball off the backboard.
 BASKETBALL
TERMINOLOGIES
• Loose Ball: A ball that is alive but not in the possession of either team.
• Lower Percentage shot: A shot that is less likely to go in the basket, usually
taken further away from the hoop.
• Match-ups: Any pairing of players on opposing teams who guard each other.
• Outlet Pass: The first pass made after a defensive rebound to a teammate to
start a fastbreak.
• Outside Shooting: Shots taken from the perimeter, further away from the
hoop.
• Pass: When a player throws the ball to a teammate to advance the ball during a
possession.
 BASKETBALL
TERMINOLOGIES
• Personal Foul: Contact between players, which may result in excessive
physical contact or provide one team with an unfair advantage. Players may
not push, hold, trip, hack, elbow, restrain or charge into an opponent. These are
also counted as team fouls.
• Pivot: A center, also the foot that must remain touching the floor until a ball
handler who has stopped dribbling is ready to pass or shoot.
• Possession: To be holding or in control of the ball.
• Rebound: A term used to describe the actual retrieving of the ball as it
rebounds from the backboard or the ring after a missed shot.
 BASKETBALL
TERMINOLOGIES
• Referee: The person(s) assigned to the game to maintain the flow and integrity
of the game.
• Shooter: A player who takes a shot at the basket in attempts to score.
• Shooting Range: The distance from which a player is likely to make their
shots.
• Steal: To take the ball away from an opponent.
• Substitute: A player who comes into the game to replace a player on the court.
• Switch: Two defensive players change checks during live play.
 BASKETBALL
TERMINOLOGIES
• Technical Foul: A special violation called at the discretion of the referee towards
players, coaches or the team. Infractions include an intentional or flagrant contact
foul, unsportsmanlike conduct or other actions detrimental to the spirit of the game.
• Throw-in: The method by which a team with possession inbounds the ball.
• Time-out: A period of sixty seconds during which the play is stopped and teams
discuss strategy and a moment to allow players to rest.
• Tip-off: The initial jump ball that starts the game.
• Trailer: An offensive player that follows behind the ball-handler.
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