SENSORS USED IN

WIND POWER PLANT

PRESENTED BY
MS.S.B.PUND
LECTURER,ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING
DEPARTMENT K.K.WAGH POLYTECHNIC,NASHIK
WHAT ARE
SENSORS?
► A sensor is a device that transforms physical energies in a
energy that the system can use to coordinate all the
components in the devices.
► Sensor as an input device which provides an output
(signal) with respect to a specific physical quantity
(input).
► The term “input device” in the definition of a Sensor
means that it is part of a bigger system which provides
input to a main control system (like a Processor or a
Microcontroller).
► It is a device that converts signals from one energy
domain to electrical domain .
► The simplest example of a sensor is an LDR or a Light
Dependent Resistor.
► It is a device, whose resistance varies according to
intensity of light it is subjected to. When the light falling
on an LDR is more, its resistance becomes very less and
when the light is less, well, the resistance of the LDR
becomes very high.
► We can connect this LDR in a voltage divider (along with
other resistor) and check the voltage drop across the LDR.
This voltage can be calibrated to the amount of light
falling on the LDR. Hence, a Light Sensor.
CLASSIFICATION OF
SENSORS
► Active and Passive Sensors:
► Active Sensors are those which require an
external excitation signal or a power signal.
► Passive Sensors, on the other hand, do not require any
external power signal and directly generates output
response.
► The other type of classification is based on the means of
detection used in the sensor. Some of the means of
detection are Electric, Biological, Chemical, Radioactive
etc.
► The next classification is based on conversion
phenomenon i.e. the input and the output. Some of the
common conversion phenomena are Photoelectric,
Thermoelectric, Electrochemical, Electromagnetic,
Thermooptic, etc.
► The final classification of the sensors are Analog and
Digital Sensors. Analog Sensors produce an analog output
i.e. a continuous output signal with respect to the
► Digital Sensors, in contrast to Analog Sensors, work with
discrete or digital data. The data in digital sensors, which
is used for conversion and transmission, is digital in
nature.
FUNCTION OF
SENSORS

PHYSICAL
PHYSICAL VALUE SENSORS ELECTR ICAL
SIGNAL
NEE
D
► Without sensors, wind turbines would arguably be less
safe, more costly to operate, unable to accurately predict
and solve impending failures, or potentially have lifetimes
less than the twenty five years they’re expected to operate.
► Most important, wind farms need accurate data about
every turbine and its most important components that
can be provided only sensors linked together and
connected to a command center.
ROLE OF SENSOR IN
WPP
❖ Detect, monitor, and communicate information about
parameters such as changes in the distance between
two components near each other.
❖ Monitor levels of vibration that, if excessive, can cause
major damage.
❖ Monitor changes in temperature, pressure, and
mechanical stresses
SENSORS USED IN
WPP
❖ Anemometer.
❖ wind vane.
❖ RPM sensors
❖ Temperature sensors
❖ Vibration sensors
❖ Eddy current sensors
❖ Displacement Sensors
❖ Accelerometers
ANEMOMETE
R.
FUNCTION OF
ANEMOMETER
▪ The anemometer measures wind speed .
▪ An anemometer is like a small component with 3 blades
and it use to measure the speed of the wind. With this
value the electronic controller can decide to
let turn the blades of the wind turbine or stop them if the
wind power is too high.
▪ The wind turbine is only supposed to operate when the
wind speed is within a certain range. The anemometer
determines when the wind is within the defined range.
The controller unit collects data from the anemometer.
WIND
VANE.
FUNCTION OF WIND
VANE.
► For the yaw mechanism to function a sensor needs to detect
the wind direction. Wind vane gives precise measurements of
wind direction. It does not need calibration and the high-
quality brass construction ensures longevity.
► A wind vane look like an arrow and it use to determinate the
direction
of the wind and with that the electronic controller can
determinate the more appropriate direction of the blades to
have the best product of energy.
RPM
SENSORS
► It is used to monitor the rotational speed of wind
turbine blades .
TEMPERATURE
SENSORS
► Temperature sensors are also used in locations where
increases in temperature are indicative of the
overheating of some type of component of subsystem.
► To measure the heat
VIBRATION
SENSORS
► The vibration sensor is a very simple safety sensor on
the wind turbine.
► It consistsof a ball resting on a ring. The ball is connected
to a swich through a chain and when the wind turbine
start if it shaking, the ball fell down in the ring and it 's
switch off the wind turbine.
DISPLACEMENT
SENSORS
► A variety of displacement sensors are used to monitor
structural integrity as well. The foundations or
platforms required to keep wind turbines in place
consist of massive amount of concrete.
► However, because the towers are very high and the
rotors and nacelles housing the generator are huge, the
entire structure is effectively “top-loaded,” so monitoring
the system's integrity at its base is essential.
► Laser displacement sensors can be used to perform this
function because they can detect very small movements of
the foundation in relation to the tower caused by
repeated thrashing by the wind or waves, or caused by
resulting structural defects
► Another precision displacement sensor—the capacitive
type—measures the distance between the stator and
rotor in the turbine, called the generator air gap.
ACCELEROMETE
RS
► Accelerometers, which measure changes in velocity or
speed, are used in wind turbines to detect and monitor
vibration within main, yaw, and slew bearings, as well
as other rotating components such as the main generator
output shafts.
► The collected vibration data can be used to monitor
changes over time and predict impending failures .