Group 4

Coal and
Petroleum
 Coal and petroleum

1.
R.K.DHARUN
2.
M.KAVIARASU
3.
VARUNESH

Seminar 4.
SAKTHI.S
5.
RAGAV.M
6.
V.A.MIDHUN
7.
K.M.BHARATH
 Fossil Fuel
• Fossil fuels are made from decomposing plants and
animals.
• These fuels are found in the Earth's crust and
contain carbon and hydrogen, which can be burned
for energy.
• Coal, oil, and natural gas are examples of fossil
fuels.
coal
Coal is renewable Or non
renewable resources?

• Coal and petroleum are fossil fuels

found in earth’s crust.
• They are non-renewable and
exhaustible resources.
 What is coal?

• Coal is combustible fossilized rock derived from a

large accumulation of plant remains that is gradually
compressed.
• Coal is used for cooking, heating, in industry and
thermal power plants.
 How is Coal Formed?
Formation of coal dates back to millions of years ago, when the earth was covered only
with vast moist forests, having huge trees, shrubs, ferns, etc. These plants underwent
their life cycle and withered away, eventually falling back to the ground, most of which
were swamps. New plants replaced them, they underwent a life cycle and the whole
process continued repeatedly over the years, as a result of which the earth bed started
accumulating all these dead plants.
• This gave rise to a very thick layer of dead decomposed matter packing down plant
matter washing away all the decayed matter. Physical and chemical changes took place
as a result of heat and temperature extracting out all oxygen leaving the plant layers
with carbon-rich content, thus resulting in the formation of coal over a period of time.
 TYPES OF COAL
Coal is a readily combustible rock containing
more than 50% by weight of carbon.
Coal formed can be of three types depending
on the amount of oxygen, carbon and
hydrogen they contain.
They are:
1.Lignite
2.Bituminous
3.Anthracite
Petroleum • Petroleum is a fossil fuel that
naturally occurs in the liquid form
created by the decomposition of
organic matter beneath the surface
of the earth millions of years ago.
• These fossil fuels are then refined into usable substances such as petrol,
kerosene, etc.

• It is formed by the combination of hydrocarbons and other substances,

mainly sulphur.

• When first collected in its natural form, it is termed as crude oil.

• This substance is generally characterized by a brownish-black colour.

• Although, it can also differ between red to pale yellow or even colourless
 Petrol is mostly used For
Cars,bikes,Tractor,bus and etc….
 Products of Petroleum

•A few of the products

obtained from petroleum
are:
•Gasoline
•Diesel oil,Kerosene
•Tar,Heavy fuel oil
•Petroleum
coke,Lubricants
 Advantage and Disadvantages and
Environmental-Friendlines of the following
(i) Taking a bus, using your personal vehicle or walking/cycling.
(ii) Using bulbs or fluorescent tubes in your homes.
(iii) Using the lift or taking the stairs.
• (iv) Wearing an extra sweater or using a heating device (heater or ‘sigri’)
on cold days.
 An overview of Natural Resource
Management
• Sustainable management of natural resources is a difficult task.
• In addressing this issue, we need to keep an open mind with regard to the
interests of various stakeholders.
• Going beyond laws, rules and regulations, we need to tailor our
requirements, individually and collectively, so that benefits of
development reach everyone now and for all generations to come.