Instrumentation &

1 scanning protocols:
ULTRASOUND
TRANSDUCER
“
What are Transducers?
-Transducers are any devices that converts one
form of energy into another.

-In ultrasound the transducer converts electric

enegry to mechanical energy and vice versa.

-It is the hand-held part of the ultrasound machine

that is responsible for the production and
detection of ultrasound waves.

2
How do they work?
▸ When used in an ultrasound scanner, the
transducer sends out a beam of sound waves
into the body. The sound waves are reflected
back to the transducer by boundaries between
tissues in the path of the beam (e.g. the boundary
between fluid and soft tissue or tissue and bone).

3
The transducer consists
of 5 main components:
• Crystal/ceramic element with
piezoelectric properties.
• Positive and ground electrodes
Place your screenshot here
on the faces of the element
• Damping (backing) block
• Matching layer.
• Housing

4
Parts of the
Transducer
1. Crystal/ceramic element 2. Positive and ground electrodes
with piezoelectric properties on the faces of the element

▸ Usually lead Zirconate Titanate ▸ This allows for electrical connection

(PZT) ▸ Positive electrode is in the back of the
▸ May consist of a single element or element
be a broadband transducer with ▸ Ground electrode is on the front of the
multiple elements
element
▸ Element thickness is determined by
what resonance frequency is desired

5
Parts of the
Transducer cont.
3. Damping (backing) block 4. Matching layer 5. Housing

▸ Interface between the transducer

▸ Adhered to the back of the crystal ▸ Electrical insulation and
element and the tissue
(behind the positive electrode) protection of the element
▸ Allows close to 100%
▸ Absorbs ultrasound energy ▸ Includes a plastic case, metal
transmission of the ultrasound
directed backward and attenuates shield and acoustic insulator
from the element into the tissues
stray ultrasound signals from the
by minimizing reflection due to
housing 
traversing different mediums (
acoustic impedance) 

6
Extra
resources
Illustrations created by
Sergei Tikhonov.

Free illustrations published

under the MIT License. You
can use them for personal
and commercial projects,
without the need to include
attribution.

See license.

7
Extra
resources
Illustrations created by
Sergei Tikhonov.

Free illustrations published

under the MIT License. You
can use them for personal
and commercial projects,
without the need to include
attribution.

See license.

8
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