FOREARM

Posterior compartment: 3 groups

Superficial group 5
 Extensor carpi radialis Origin:
brevis Common Extensor Origin .
 Extensor digitorum (front of lateral epicondyle).
 Extensor digiti minimi
 Extensor carpi ulnaris
Anconeus (posterior of
Deep group 5 (3 to thumb+
lateral epicondyle).
Lateral group 2 1 to index + supinator).
Brachioradialis Supinator.
Extensor carpi radialis Abductor pollicis longus.
longus Extensor pollicis brevis.
(The 2 muscles originate from
Extensor pollicis longus.
the lateral supracondylar
Extensor indices.
ridge).
 Posterior compartment
 I- Superficial group:
 7 muscles ( from lateral
to medial)
 Brachioradialis, (BR).
 Extensor carpi radialis
longus, (ECRL).
 Extensor carpi radialis
brevis, (ECRB).
 Extensor digitorum,
(ED).
 Extensor digiti minimi,
(EDM).
 Extensor carpi ulnaris,
(ECU).
 Anconeus. (An).
 Superficial extensor
 All arises from the common
extensor origin, (front of lateral
epicondyle) of the humerus,
EXCEPT, 2 (BR & EXRL).
 All cross the wrist EXCEPT,
one, (brachioradialis.
 All supplied by deep branch of
radial nerve,
 A, anconeus
 B, Brachioradialis
 E, Extensor carpi radialis
longus
 These 3 muscles are supplied
by the radial nerve itself
 Brachioradiali  Extensor
s Carpi
 Origin: radialis
 Lateral longus
supracondylar  Origin:
ridge of humerus  Lateral
 Insertion: supracondylar
 Base of styloid ridge of humerus
process of radius  Insertion:
 Action:  Posterior surface
 Flexes forearm; of base of second
(elbow). metacarpal bone
 Rotates forearm to  Action:
the midprone  Extends and
position abducts hand at
wrist joint
 INSERTION

Extensor carpi radialis brevis:

base of 3rd metacarpal bone.
Extensor digitorum:
Extensor expansion of the
medial 4 fingers.
Extensor digiti minimi:
Extensor expansion of the little
finger.
Extensor carpi ulnaris:
Base of the 5th metacarpal bone.
II- Deep group:
5 muscles
1- Abductor
pollicis longus,
(APL).
2- Extensor pollicis
brevis, (EPB).
3- Extensor pollicis
longus, (EPL).
4- Extensor indicis
(EI).
5- Supinator.
All back muscles of
forearm are supplied
by deep branch
Radial nerve.
 Anatomic Snuff Box
 A depression on the dorsal surface of the hand at
the base of the thumb, just distal to the radius
 Formed by the tendons of the Abductor pollicis
longus and Extensor pollicis brevis, while the
ulnar borer is formed by the tendon of the
Extensor pollicis longus Along the floor of the
snuffbox is the deep branch of the radial artery
and the tendinous insertion of the Extensor carpi
radialis longus. Underneath these structures, the
scaphoid and trapezium bones are found
 Extensor Retinaculum

 This retinaculum serves to prevent the

tendons from ‘bow-stringing’ when the
tendons turn a corner at the wrist
 The tunnel-like structures formed by the
retinaculum and the underlying bones
are called fibro-osseous compartments
 Flexor Retinaculum
 Transforms the carpal archinto a tunnel,
through which pass the median nerve and some
of the tendons of the hand
 Proximally, the retinaculum attaches to the tubercle
of the scaphoid and the pisiform
 Distally it attaches to the hook of the hamate, and
the tubercle of the trapezium
 In the condition known as ‘carpal tunnel
syndrome’ the median nerve is compressed in
this relatively unyielding space
Flexor Retinaculum
 Carpal Tunnel
 Serves as a conduit for the median nerve and nine
flexor tendons
 The palmar radiocarpal ligament and the palmar ligament
complex form the floor of the canal
 The roof of the tunnel is formed by the flexor retinaculum
(transverse carpal ligament)
 The ulnar and radial borders are formed by carpal bones
(trapezium and hook of hamate respectively)
 Within the tunnel, the median nerve divides into a motor
branch and distal sensory branches
Thanks